Geometridse 



eggs are hatched, the larvae begin to feed upon the young leaves, 

 and they mature very quickly, the rate of their development being 

 marked by a correspond- 

 ing devastation of the 

 plants upon which they 

 have established them- 

 selves. Pupation takes 

 place at the end of May 

 or in the beginning of 

 June. The caterpillar bur- 

 rows into the loose soil 

 about the roots of the 

 bushes, or simply crawls 

 under loose leaves, and, 

 without spinning a co- 

 coon, undergoes transfor- 

 mation into a chrysalis, 

 which is smooth and of a 

 shining mahogany color. 

 In this state the insects 

 remain for about two 

 weeks, when they emerge 

 as moths, and the cycle 

 of life is repeated. 



The most effectual method of combating the larvae is to 

 sprinkle the bushes with powdered white hellebore. This is a 

 good remedy, not only for the species we are considering, but for 

 several other insects which are likely to occur upon the plants at 

 the same time. 



(2) Cymatophora inceptaria Walker, Plate XLI1I, Fig. 46, 6 . 



Syn. argillacearia Packard; modestaria Hulst. 



A native of the Appalachian subregion. 



(3) Cymatophora successaria Walker, Plate XLIII, Fig. 

 48, 9. 



Syn. perarcuata Walker. 



Form coortaria Hulst, Plate XLIII, Fig. 49, $ . 

 A widely distributed species, which is not at all uncommon in 

 the Middle Atlantic States. 



(4) Cymatophora tenebrosata Hulst, Plate XLIII, Fig. 50, & . 



341 



FIG. 204. Gooseberry Span-worm, a, b, larvae; 

 c, pupa. (After Riley.) 



