302 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



were found and with' them chunks of flint, probably parts of fire- 

 making apparatus. In grave 93 a portion of a small ax, adz or 

 chisel edge was found. It had been broken at a perforation. 



Carbonised Substances 



Vegetable matter preserved by carbonization was found in nearly 

 all the ash pits but so crushed as to be unrecognizable. Charred 

 wood and bark were found in quantities in most of the pits and the 

 pieces varied in size from small particles to chunks five inches in 

 length and an inch or two in diameter. Charred corn in small 

 quantities was found in several refuse pits and seems to have been 

 the ordinary variety found in most Iroquoian sites. A few beans, 

 squash seeds, hickory nuts, butternuts and plum stone in a charred 

 condition complete the list of the foods preserved by carbonization. 

 Charred corn was found in several of the graves and in one grave 

 the decayed handle of a celt was found. Charred bark and wood 

 were frequent in the graves and fragments of what seemed a bark 

 dish were found in one grave. A long wooden stem, probably a pipe 

 stem was found in an ash pit and a few minutes afterward a 

 clumsy visitor stepped upon the box in which it was temporarily 

 placed and crushed most of it. A small section, however, remained. 



Pigments 



The pigments were ochers, graphite and bitumen or asphaltum. 

 Charcoal may also be included. Quantities of red ocher were found 

 in some of the graves and some skeletons lay in deposits of it. In 

 other graves the ocher was in little deposits as if it had been 

 inclosed in a bag that had afterward decayed. 



Articles Found in Vicinity 



Objects which are found in the vicinity of Ripley but which were 

 not found on the site are the following: Of the older occupations; 

 gouges, grooved axes, mica plates, inscribed stones, monitor pipes, 

 banner stones, bird shaped stones, gorgets, tubular shell beads, etc. ; 

 and of the later occupations ; notched and shouldered arrow points 

 and spears, shell beads in numbers, wampum, iron tomahawks, lead 

 objects, copper or brass arrow points, glass beads, etc. 



