THE ARCHEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK 499 



want. A large gateway with breastworks led toward a stream on the 

 north. Large quantities of bones were found, with hearths and 

 caches (Larkin, p. 29-30, fig. 8). French describes a work on the 

 flats, in the form of a figure 8, which may be the same. Larkin 

 adds, " The valley of the Tunaengwant, together with that of Great 

 Valley, Wright's creek and in fact nearly every stream that is bor- 

 dered by fertile lands, were once occupied by the mound builders. 

 Vestiges of ancient works are numerous, such as military fortifica- 

 tions, sepulchral mounds, flint arrowheads, mica and copper relics. 

 As we pass up the Allegheny from its junction with Tunaengwant, 

 we find the faded remains of the ancient people at every step " 

 (Larkin, p. 31). 



24 At Olean the canal passed through a burial mound, 40 feet 

 wide by 60 feet long and 10 feet high (Larkin, p. 31). 



25 There was a group of small mounds at the confluence of Olean 

 creek and Allegheny river (Macauley, 2:113). These have now been 

 destroyed, but there are abundant traces of Indian occupations in the 

 vicinity of Olean. 



26 In Hinsdale, about 5 miles north of Olean, and near the west 

 side of the creek, was a circular fort of about 3 acres. Around it 

 relics were abundant (Larkin, p. 31). This was on Peake's and 

 Gould's land. 



27 A fort at the Jackson schoolhouse, 2 miles northwest of Versail- 

 les, at the mouth of Castile creek, was excavated by M. R. Harring- 

 ton for the Harvard Peabody Museum. All forts along Cattaraugus 

 creek are on high points, formed by tributaries of that stream. All 

 have a single and nearly straight bank, except that at the schoolhouse 

 in which there is an opening in the bank. The walls are about 20 

 feet apart and 180 feet long. The outside or eastern ditch is deep, 

 and the interior one broad and shallower. The outside wall is now 5 

 or 6 feet high from the bottom of the outer ditch, and about 4 feet 

 above the inner one. The occupation is similar to that of Burning 

 Spring and is Iroquoian. 



28 Camp site west of the Jackson schoolhouse. 



29 The Indians report four forts between Versailles and 

 Gowanda, within as many miles. The only one known to the writer 

 is one on a " hog-back " running into the creek on the reservation 

 road just before the Gowanda hill is reached. 



30 Mound on N. E. G. Gowan's land, near Rutledge, 6 feet high 

 and 20 feet in diameter, in which were stone relics and ashes. Nine 

 skeletons sat in a circle, back to back (U. S. Bur. of Eth., 1890-91, 

 p. 508). 



