504 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



19 An early site on lot 85, on the same point, occupies 2 or 3 

 acres. The graves occupy a plot 40 or 50 feet. Long shell beads 

 are found but nothing European. 



20 J. W. Kales found bones of men, women and children in a pit 

 a mile north of Union Springs and near the lake. There were no 

 relics (Smithsonian report 1881). General Clark also mentions 

 " Gewauga, a small hamlet on the present site of Union Springs 

 ... on the east side of Cayuga lake." 



21 There are several early sites on Farley's point, south of Union 

 Springs, and on lot 7, Springport. Mr Adams thought part of 

 Cayuga Castle was on this point but found only early relics. The 

 site comprises 8 or 10 acres and the graves occupy a small area. 

 The relics are of stone and shell with clay and stone pipe and pottery. 



22 There was a stockade in Ledyard, 4 miles southeast of Union 

 Springs ; the walls are still mostly undisturbed. It was described by 

 Mr Squier, whose plan is used on a scale of 400 feet to the inch. It 

 seems recent and is on a point between two deep ravines. A some- 

 what pyriform space is inclosed at the end of the point which is 

 about 300 feet in diameter. The curving stockade takes in about 

 half of the outline; the holes are 8 inches in diameter. There are 

 caches within. From the extreme point of the plateau the " Indian 

 path" follows a narrow spur to the water. The banks of the 

 streams are 175 feet high. (Squier, p. 88, pi. 13.) 



23 Morgan says that Gayagaanha, the principal village, was on 

 Salmon creek 3 miles south of Union Springs. 



24 Gen. J. S. Clark speaks of " Cayuga Castle, an Indian town 

 containing fifteen very large houses of squared logs, on the south 

 line of Springport ... on the north bank of Great Gully brook and 

 from i to 2 miles from the lake." 



25 A site on lot 114 Ledyard is supposed to be Upper Cayuga. 

 There are fireplaces and a few graves with European relics and 

 copper fish hooks. General Clark speaks of " Upper Cayuga, an 

 Indian town of fourteen very large houses, near the north line of 

 Ledyard . . .on the south bank of Great Gully brook and as 

 appears on the map between i and 2 miles from the lake." The 

 distance is more than 3 miles. 



26 East Cayuga, or Old Town, was one-fourth of a mile west 

 of Mapleton, on lot 95, Fleming. Area, 10 or 12 acres east of the 

 creek. The relics are recent. Clark notes that " East Cayuga, or 

 Old Town, contained thirteen houses, in the southeast corner of 

 the town of Springport as indicated on the map from 3 to 4 miles 



