NO. 3 ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT PARAGONAH JUDD 9 



consisted of a layer of coarse gravel and water-worn cobblestones, 

 overlaid with adobe mud. Foundations of this character were in- 

 variably employed in the houses examined near Beaver City, Deseret 

 and Hinckley, and they occurred frequently in those near Fillmore 

 and Meadow, in Millard County. Excepting this course of small 

 stones underneath the floor the house did not differ from the adobe 

 dwellings described above. 



It is to be regretted, of course, that the south one-third of the big 

 mound had been completely razed before the recent expedition began 

 its work. According to local reports, house walls were observed in 

 this position of the elevation, and there are those who insist that 

 circular rooms were also present. The number of these and the 

 number of rectangular dwellings must always remain a matter of 

 speculation ; that they were many may be inferred from the total 

 discovered in the remainder of the mound. 



ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES 



Most observers who have conducted investigations among the 

 mounds of western Utah have noticed the occurrence of lesser 

 structures in the areas immediately surrounding the adobe dwellings. 

 Too little importance has been attached to these remains and their 

 true import seems to have been generally overlooked. 1 The recent 

 excavations at Paragonah disclosed houses of this type in large 

 numbers and it is desired at this time to refer to them, collectively, 

 in order that their real place in the community may be fully under- 

 stood. 2 



It will be noticed that the more permanent habitations in the big 

 mound are grouped to form, roughly, three sides of a square. The 

 interior of this square was rilled with accumulations of camp debris 

 and wind-blown earth, averaging 6 feet in depth. The remains of 

 temporary shelters were found without any semblance of order 



1 In the papers cited above, the present writer made no attempt to elaborate 

 upon the court shelters or their obvious bearing upon the more permanent 

 structures. There is evidence pointing to the fact that the former are older, 

 structurally, than the latter. 



2 It should be stated that plate I shows but very few of the lesser structures 

 exposed during the excavations of 1917. They were found in such unex- 

 pected numbers and so hopelessly interlocked that it was deemed inadvisable 

 to interrupt the main work while each one was carefully uncovered. The 

 chief characteristics of the type had been determined by the expeditions of 

 1915 and 1916; equally cautious dissection of the "big mound" did not 

 appear commensurate with the time and expense involved. 



