NO. 3 ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT PARAGONAH JUDD 15 



tainty exists regarding the other room, which has been marked 

 Kiva V. Its floor lay in that portion of the mound where superposed 

 levels of occupancy were most numerous, and it may be that the room 

 was no more than an enlarged shelter. Fragments of curved adobe 

 walls remained on the eastern side and these, if continued, would 

 have circled a central fireplace about which four large pillars for- 

 merly stood. It is the presence of these surrounding posts that sug- 

 gests the possibility of this having been one of the numerous 

 associated structures, but kivas with roofs supported by uprights 

 were noted, also, during preceding expeditions and in so large a room 

 pillars would have been absolutely necessary. Curved adobe walls, 

 on the other hand, have not yet been observed among the remains 

 of purely court shelters. 



MINOR ANTIQUITIES 



In reviewing the minor antiquities exposed during the excavation 

 of the " big mound " the observer will, first of all, be attracted by 

 the preponderance of bone objects. Bone implements and orna- 

 ments of many shapes and sizes, and in various degrees of completion, 

 were found in unexpected numbers ; in addition, there were large 

 quantities of mere refuse bones split to facilitate the extraction of 

 marrow, charred bones, and those apparently tossed carelessly to 

 one side. Among this mass of worked and unworked material there 

 may be recognized skeletal fragments of such animals as the deer, 

 antelope, mountain sheep, bear, and various smaller mammals. 

 There are also a few fragments of heavy antler which appear to be 

 elk and several pieces of large, worked bone that have been tenta- 

 tively identified as those of the buffalo. All of these, taken together, 

 indicate that the ancient house builders were persistent hunters and 

 that the animals killed not only contributed largely to their food sup- 

 ply, but formed, also, the chief source of one of the materials most 

 essential to the economic pursuits of the community. 



Awls are especially numerous and vary in size from the small, 

 sharpened metapodial of the deer to those cut from the full length 

 of the canon bone. Most of them are merely ground and sharpened 

 fragments, but several exhibit a high degree of specialization and 

 are really pleasing examples of aboriginal art. A few were perfor- 

 ated at the butt end for the attachment of a cord and still others, 

 as in plate II, were decorated with incised lines. Some of the awls 

 are long and slender, like needles ; others are heavy, blunt, and 



