SUMMER-HOUSES, PERGOLAS AND BRIDGES. 



by extra height and square, arbour-like broadenings at either end. Where it is necessary 

 to have a gate at one end of the bridge, this affords the opportunity for many 

 delightful compositions, and if the bridge is of stone or brick, balustraded panels to match 

 the design for the gate may be inserted in the parapet walls over the centre of the 

 arch. In other cases, where the stream or ornamental canal or lake is large enough 

 for a boat, delightful combinations of bridge, boathouse, and tiny wharves or landing 

 stages may be arranged, and where a drop in the water level can be obtained at the 

 bridge a formal cascade may be incorporated. 



It occasionally happens that a bridge is wanted to connect two portions of a garden Bridges 

 intersected by a public lane or service road, but, speaking generally, this means of com- ov ^ r public 

 munication should not be adopted unless the obstruction to be crossed is in a cutting 

 or otherwise at a much lower level than the gardens on either side, or at least on the 



SKETCH LESION > PERGOLA 

 , ROSE TEMPffi 



FIG. 190. 



side nearest the residence. This sinking of the path to be crossed prevents the bridge 

 from being placed so high up as to have an unrestful appearance from the gardens, 

 which it must have if it is ascended by a large number of steps, and where the ground 

 on the far side is lower than on the near, a terraced effect can be obtained. It is, how- 

 ever, a mistake to use a bridge in such positions unless the conditions are favourable. 



Pergolas, unlike bridges, are required in almost every garden. Though, as their Pergolas. 

 name implies, they are an imported feature, they differ little from the ancient bower 

 walks either in construction or spirit. The latter was usually made of hoops of iron 

 placed some six feet apart, forming a series of arches clad with roses or climbers, 

 while the former has a strong continuous frame-work, often with the sides filled in with 

 laced trellis, or wattles, according to the pleasure or purpose of the maker. 



... In a new garden, where shade is very difficult to obtain, a pergola is invaluable 

 as it can be covered in a very short time with foliage, such as that of the clematis 

 montana, honeysuckle, foliage vines or other climbers, and so prove very useful until the 

 newly planted trees have had time to grow large enough to afford some shelter. Where 

 it is not desirable to obstruct the view, a roof of greenery supported on pillars would 

 be sufficient, but where it is desired to obtain privacy, one or both sides would be filled 

 in by trellis. In those cases where the pergola skirts one end or side of a tennis 

 lawn, and is to be used as a shady place from which to watch the game or in which 



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