SUMMER-HOUSES, PERGOLAS AND BRIDGES. 



to take tea, the side remote from the lawn would be filled in for shelter from the wind 

 and the other side left open, with or without a handrail. A pergola can be used with a 

 particularly happy effect where it can be built over a path dividing two distinct portions 

 of the grounds which it is desired to screen from each other. In this case it performs 

 all the functions of both pergola and fence. 



There is almost unlimited scope for originality in the planning and designs of per- 

 golas, for not only may they be of almost any size and many shapes to suit varying 

 circumstances, but also may be made in many materials and gradations of elaboration 

 in the design. From the graceful and elaborate French treillage for the interior of the 



conservatory, to the 

 simple erection of un- 

 peeled larch poles for 

 pergolas in outlying por- 

 tions of the grounds, 

 is a very far cry, and 

 there is every possible 

 gradation between these 

 extremes. 



Illustration No. 388 

 shows a somewhat 

 elaborate example with 

 stone pillars and balus- 

 trade of renaissance 

 design, and a super- 

 structure of oak, the 

 roof being arranged in 

 domed form, at the 

 angles where the pergola 

 broadens out into 

 arbours. By its means 

 shelter is obtained on 

 a terrace garden, which 

 on the side on which 

 the pergola is erected, 

 is raised above the 

 natural level of the 

 ground some fifteen feet, 



and being overlooked from part of Hampstead Heath, would be exposed both to winds 

 and observation without some such screen. Such an arrangement will often be useful 

 on the principal terrace, next to the house, where it is not advisable to make a 

 verandah. 



Where a pergola is taken completely round the four sides of a formal garden, with 

 some architectural feature such as a fountain or statue to mark the centre, a delightfully 

 cloistered effect is obtained with the maximum of seclusion. This arrangement is 

 particularly useful where the garden is situated among unlovely surroundings as, for 

 instance, in a manufacturing district. 



For other less prominently placed positions, the pillars may be built of brick or 

 stone, as shown in illustrations Nos. 190 and 191 ; or the rough monolithic columns 

 used in Italy for the grape vine pergolas may be employed, and where a lighter 

 structure still is suitable, the whole erection, including the posts, may be in wood, as 

 in illustration No. 192. The extent to which local materials may be utilized is shown 



FIG. igi. -PERGOLA PILLARS OF ROUGH MASONRY. 



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