PLANTING FOR LANDSCAPE EFFECT. 



Study of for future use. He will begin by noting how beautiful the white stem of a silver birch 



existing looks against a background of Scotch fir, and how the russet leaves of beech scrub and 



examples. the dark green of holly give a pleasing contrast in the Winter months, especially when 



snow is on the ground, and he will go forward from these most obvious and striking 



lessons to note hundreds of factors which will provide useful material for his special work. 



| American University students, who take the course in landscape design, are taught 



! to make records of the elementals of convincing schemes, roughly drawn to scale by 



^means of a rapid military surveying instrument known as the plane table, which is so 



Eight and handy as to be capable of being carried anywhere. The distances are carefully 



stepped out which will give them with sufficient approximation for the purpose. 



Winter This systematic study of existing examples must be carried out at all seasons to be 



effects. of any value, for, of course, it is necessary to provide for the Winter as well as for the 



Summer effect. This means that we must make a judicious use of conifers and ever- 

 greens, always remembering, that while the larger plantations in the home park or middle 

 distance rely for their chief effects almost entirely on form and outline and their relation 



DETAILS or FWlTATIOriS ^QL- 



IvBY TO DisTfflMiBino tvuas, o 



iCflR|CT OflKS 



x .SILVER BIRCH 

 '3wctT 

 DOUBLE fipwf.Rinc CHEKW 



JOtlM OOWMIC CRAB 



1 3nowv 

 SCARLET /WLC.S 



O TCRn LEAVCB 



X CUTLEAVCD SI1VCR OlRCH 



D COCIWUR THORMS 



FIG. 352. 



to the general composition of the view, those close to the house will be more dependent 

 on colour and detail. Their Winter effects will therefore need special attention, and a 

 careful and discriminating use must be made of those evergreens and conifers with brightly- 

 coloured or glaucous foliage, and hardy Winter-flowering varieties. Those bearing brightly- 

 coloured berries will also be useful, such as Pernettya mucronata, Cotoneaster horizontalis, 

 C. macrophylla, C. Simmonsi, Berberis stenophylla, B. Darwini, Symphoricarpus racemosus, 

 Cratsegus Lelandi and Skimmia japonica, while, if there is ample space, mountain ash, 

 tree thorns, the red and yellow berried hollies, the fire thorn and the cockspur thorn may 

 also be used. 







In the park and landscape plantations, those trees which have ever been the joy 

 plantations. an d pride of lovers of English landscape should predominate. The oak, elm, ash, beech, 

 sycamore and birch are still the trees to choose from for the greater effects, with the 

 tall Lombardy poplar to break the sky-line at well-selected points, either as a single 

 specimen rising from behind the other trees or in groups of three. For attendants, and 

 especially for the margins of the plantations and to skirt woodland paths, we have the 



274 



