TREES AND SHRUBS FOR GARDEN AND PARK. 



C. sulcata, the " Big Shell-bark ; " C. amara, the ' Bitter-Nut ; " C. porcina, the Deciduous 

 " Pig-Nut," make a good show in the park when planted in groups of three or trees. 

 five. 

 CASTANEA. C. VULGARIS, the "Sweet or Spanish Chestnut," makes a huge tree suitable 



for the park (111. No. 356) . There are numerous varieties of the type. 

 CATALPA. The most common species met with is C. bignonioides, the " Indian Bean " 

 (syn. C. syringsefolia), which bears large panicles of white flowers tinged with violet, 

 spotted with purple and yellow. It is an excellent specimen tree for a lawn, also as 

 a standard on the sheltered side of a walk, and grows to a height of more than thirty 

 feet. The species C. Bungei, C. cordifolia and C. Kaempferi are useful and interesting. 

 CHERRY. See Prunus. 

 CHESTNUT. See ^Esculus and Castanea. 



CRAT^EGUS. One of the finest of the ornamental genera, comprising trees ranging 

 from twenty to thirty feet in height, while other forms have a more shrubby habit. 

 CRAT^EGUS OXYACANTHA, the " Hawthorn," is the type, and recommends itself. 

 There is a division into two sub-species, C. monogyna and C. oxyacanthoides. Under 

 the former, C. monogyna-prsecox, the " Glastonbury Thorn," is a conspicuous form, 

 beginning to flower in November and forward into March ; C. m. pendula, C. m. aurea, 

 and C. m. laciniata are distinct varieties ; while sub-species C. oxyacanthoides is 

 represented by C. o. fructu luteo, with yellow fruit ; C. o. fl. pi. coccineo ; C. o. fl. pi. 

 albo, and C. o. fl. pi. piniceo. C. crus-galli, the " Cockspur or Newcastle Thorn," and 

 its varieties, are the pride of the landscape in the Autumn. C. crus-galli prunifolia 

 and splendens C. o. surpass all other in richness of colour. 



Amongst the distinct species are C. mollis; C. cordata, the " Washington Thorn ; " 

 C. coccinea, the "Scarlet Haw; " and C. flava, the "Yellow Haw." C. Pyracantha and 

 C. P. Lelandi, are used largely for covering walls, also to make a border gay in 

 Winter. This genus is suitable for any situation, and most of the species and 

 varieties are worthy of places in the park or on the outskirts of the lawn. 

 FAGUS (Beech). FAGUS SYLVATICA, the common Beech, has very few equals for an 

 avenue. Unfortunately it does not grow quite so rapidly at first as many trees, and 

 it is often difficult to obtain large plants from the nurseries. It succeeds best on 

 land with a gravel or chalk subsoil. The following are some of the best varieties : 

 F. s. atropurpurea, the " Purple Beech ; " F. s. cuprea, the " Copper Beech ; " F. s. 

 purpurea pendula, the " Weeping Purple Beech ; " F. s. Zlatia, the " Golden Beech ; " 

 and F. s. heterophylla, or fern-leaved Beech. 



FRAXINUS (Ash). F. EXCELSIOR, the " Common Ash," is the type. The pendulous 



forms can seldom be used with advantage, unless a green bower is required, when 



they are excellent. F. e. pendula, the " Weeping Ash," is the pendulous variety 



most often met with ; F. Ornus, the " Manna Ash ; " F. americana, the " White Ash ; " 



and F. nigra, the " Black Ash," are some of the other more distinct species. T.S. 



GLEDITSCHIA. G. TRIACANTHOS, the " Honey Locust," is a leguminous tree with 



large prickly spines introduced from North America ; the leaves are pinnate and 



deciduous. G. monosperma, the "Water Locust," is another specimen from the United 



States, while China and Japan furnish several very distinct forms with fine foliage. 



JUGLANS. J. REGIA, the " Common Walnut," is the type. It is an excellent tree 



for large parks. 



LABURNUM. L. VULGARE, the " Common Laburnum," is one of the most useful of 

 flowering trees. Laburnums are usually grown as standards, with a clean stem for 

 about five to six feet from the ground, or they may be often used in positions 

 where a low screen of trees is required. They are useful for growing amongst 

 other trees and shrubs, and stand shade, and flourish by the sea or in a smoky 



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