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62 DESIGN 



are used for filling water wagons. These should be simple 

 and of neat appearance. The hydrant shown in the figure 

 is provided with a valve key for shutting off the water 

 below ground and emptying the riser. If hydrants are set 

 in swampy ground, special provision should be made to 

 take care of the drip. This can best be removed by 

 making a sewer connection. (See Figs. 21 and 22.) 



The water supplied to parks is frequently metered. 

 For small consumption, a water meter of the disc, rotary 

 or reciprocating variety is used, but for large consump- 

 tion a Venturi meter of the self-recording type is needed. 

 This meter requires the erection of a small house to contain 

 it. Water meters should never be set in wet manholes. 

 If the manhole is below the water table, the soil should be 

 drained or else a drain pipe should extend to the bottom of 

 the manhole. If the soil is usually dry but occasionally 

 wet, the pit can be kept dry by building it of a ring of 

 brickwork 1| bricks thick and thoroughly filling the joints 

 with impervious mortar. 



Drinking fountains are placed where needed. The 

 water from galvanized pipes has an unpleasant taste when 

 the pipes are new, but the disagreeable taste gradually 

 disappears. 



PATHS 



Paths are surfaced with cement, with gravel and occa- 

 sionally with asphalt or brick. Before considering in detail 

 these different kinds of walks, a few remarks will be made 

 in regard to (1) the provision for drainage, (2) the shape 

 in plan, (3) wings, and (4) entrances. 



(1) Provision for Drainage. Except in dry, gravelly 

 soils it is customary to lay cinder or broken stone founda- 

 tions to provide drainage and prevent heaving from frost. 

 All walks should be on an incline. At low points provision 



