44: Lessons in Fruit Growing. 



autumn after the seed was sown and heeled-in, or packed 

 in boxes with fine moss. They may then be buried in a 

 well-drained place in the open ground, or stored in a cool 

 cellar. They may be root-grafted the following winter, or 

 planted out in nursery rows the following spring, to be 

 budded during the summer or top-worked at a later time. 

 Root-grafting with long cions, on short sections of root, 

 is generally preferred to budding in climates having hot 

 and dry summers and severe winters. Under these condi- 

 tions the root grafts are more likely to grow than inserted 

 buds, while the stock, being placed rather deep in the soil, 

 is less subject to winter-killing if tender, than when worked 

 above ground. Budding, on the other hand, is more prac- 

 ticed in mild climates, because it is regarded a cheaper 

 mode of propagation. 



Dwarf stocks for the apple. The apple tree may be 

 dwarfed by working it upon what is known as Paradise 

 and Doucin stocks. These are dwarf varieties of Pyrus 

 malus that are native to parts of Europe. The former pro- 

 duces the shorter and earlier-bearing trees. Dwarf trees 

 are valuable for testing new varieties and for growing upon 

 small grounds, and are much admired by some amateurs. 

 They usually begin to bear in two or three years after 

 grafting, and at five or six years of age often yield a bushel 

 or more per tree. Trees worked on Paradise stock are so 

 dwarf that the highest fruits may usually be picked by 

 hand from the ground. Dwarf apple trees have not been 

 found profitable in America for commercial orchards. 



AX, Age and distance for planting. Apple trees are 

 commonly planted in the orchard in the northern states, 

 at three years from the root graft or budded nursery tree. 

 Some rapid-growing varieties become large enough at two 



