50 Lessons in Fruit Growing. 



when tliey are beginning to open in the spring, and if in- 

 fested with numerous pLant lice, the tree shonkl be sprayed 

 with kerosene emulsion.' The leaves being upright are then 

 easily reached with the emulsion and a small amount is suflB- 

 cient to wet all of the buds. Should the insects become 

 numerous later, repeat the spraying, applying it with force, 

 taking care to wet the under side of the leaves as for as 

 possible. The operator should stand near the trunk of the 

 tree and direct the stream upward and outward. 



54. Canker worms {Anisopterix). Two species of 

 canker worm infest apple trees, but both are amen- 

 able to the same treatment. The eggs hatch about 

 the time the leaf buds expand and the young cater- 

 pillars, which are of the class known as " measuring 

 worms," feed on the foliage. They are readily de- 

 stroyed by spraying with water containing Paris 

 green at the rate of a pound to 200 gallons. 



55. Leaf rollers [Caccecia). One or more species of 

 leaf rollers feed on the foliage of tJie apple tree in ^^' ' 

 spring and early summer. These are often very injurious, 

 sometimes almost defoliating neglected trees. The treat- 

 ments recommended for the codling moth (49) will usually 

 prevent serious damage from these insects. 



56. Various other insects attack the foliage of the apple, 

 but fortunately most of these are active early in the season, 

 when they may be destroyed by the spring sprayings. A 

 few, however, need attention at other times. Late in sum- 

 mer the caterpillars of cecropia moths {Samia); of the yel- 



» For directions for making and applying the kerosaoe emulsion, see " Prin- 

 ciples of Plant Cultm'e." 



2 Egg cluster of tent caterpUlar attached to twig of apple tree. (After Saun- 

 ders.) 



