The Ajy^le. 



51 



2ow-necked apple-tree caterpillar {Dafana minisfra), and 

 of the red-humped apple-tree caterpillar [Oedemasia con- 

 cinna\ often do much damage, especially to young trees, 

 by consuming the foliage. They may be destroyed by 

 spraying with water containing Paris green, as heretofore 

 directed. During winter the cocoons of the cecropia moths 

 and of the apple-leaf crumpler [Phijsis indigenella), are 

 conspicuous on the branches, and should be picked off and 

 destroyed. 



St, The round-headed apple-tree borer {Saperda Candida) 

 injures the trunks of the apple, pear and quince. The per- 

 fect insect is an attractive beetle (c, Fig. 12). The female 



Fig. 12. Round-headed apple-tree borer. A, larva as it appears in tree; 

 b, chrysalis (both slightly enlarged); c, mature insect (natural size). 

 (After Saunders.) 



deposits eggs late in June and during July on the bark of 

 the tree near the ground. These hatch within two weeks, 

 when the larvae at once begin to eat their way through the 

 bark. The insect is thought to remain three years within 

 the trunk before the beetle emerges. The first season is 

 supposed to be passed in the sap wood and inner bark, 

 ■where the larva forms shallow cavities an inch or more in 

 diameter, over which the bark often becomes dark-colored 

 and cracked. The next season, the larva continues to eat 



