The Grape. 133 



buds. The properly-pruned vine does not, therefore, in- 

 crease in size in proportion to the annual growth, as do 

 most other perennial plants. These buds may be left on 

 one or more canes according to the method of pruning em- 

 ployed. A vine that completely covered the trellis in 

 autumn will need to be cut back to one rather long cane, 

 or two or more shorter canes. 



192. Methods of training:. It is important that the op- 

 erations of pruning and training be kept distinct in the 

 mind. In the winter or sin-ing pruning, the vine may be 

 cut back in such a manner as to leave only the ripened 

 shoots of the previous year {canes) (191) for producing the 

 next season's crop, or wood older than that of the preced- 

 ing year {arms), with stubs of younger wood {spurs\ may be 

 left; or a combination of canes, arms and spurs may be 

 left, and all of these methods of pruning may be used with 

 any system of training. 



Numerous more or less distinct methods of training have 

 been practiced and described, but all may be referred to 

 two classes, viz.: the uprkjlit methods, in which the shoots 

 are tied to the trellis above the cane, arm or spur whence 

 they grow; and the drooping methods, in which the shoots 

 are not tied to the trellis, but hang from the cane, arm, or 

 spur. The upright methods are more numerous than the 

 drooping methods and have been longer in use. They are 

 somewhat more expensive in practice since the shoots re- 

 quire to be tied. 



193. The singfle-post method is the simplest kind of 

 upright training. In this, the canes and shoots are all tied 

 to a single post set near the base of the vine. The merits 

 of this method are its cheapness and that it admits cultiva- 

 tion of the vineyard in both directions. It does not give 



