134 Lessons in Fruit Growing, 



sufiBcient room for the development either of foliage or 

 bunches, and probably favors certain fungous diseases by 

 obstructing free circulation of air about the fruit. 



In the other upright systems, two canes or arms are 

 tied to the lower wire or bar of the trellis, so as to ex- 

 tend in opposite directions, and from these the shoots 

 are tied to the trellis as they attain sufficient length. The 

 older methods of this class of training employed arms 

 which continued from year to year, and the shoots were 

 annually cut back to one or two buds (spurs). By this 

 method, a considerable part of the vine remained from 

 year to year; and since shoots grown from old wood are 

 usually unproductive, the fruitfulness of the vine could 

 only be maintained by permitting the spurs to become 

 longer at each cutting back. This is objectionable be- 

 cause it annually reduces the room on the trellis. To 

 avoid these objections, a method has been adopted by 

 which strong canes are substituted for the horizontal arms, 

 thus renewing the entire vine each season, with the excep- 

 tion of the trunk and a few spurs at its summit. 



194. The high renewal method, which is now exten- 

 sively employed, starts the head or branches of the vine 

 18 to 30 inches from the ground, the lower wire or bar o£ 

 the trellis being placed at this height. For training by 

 this method, the single strong cane secured from the young 

 vine at the end of the first or second year after planting, 

 is cut back in autumn to the height of the lower wire or 

 bar of the trellis. The next spring (the second year of 

 training) two shoots are permitted to grow from the up- 

 permost buds on this cut-back cane, and all other buds are 

 rubbed off. These two shoots are tied to the lower arm of 

 the trellis and are permitted to grow upward without 

 pinching during the season, being tied to the upper wires 



