Summary of the Preceding Chapter. 145 



To prevent breaking the stem, a little earth should be re- 

 moved from the roots at the base of the trunk in order that 

 the strain of bending may come chiefly on the roots. 



SUMMAKT OF THE PKECEDING CHAPTER 



1. The grapes now grown in the United States and Can- 

 ada are chiefl}'' of American origin. The European grape 

 is grown extensively in the far southwest (186), 



2. The grape requires a w^arm and pi'olonged summer 

 temperature. In the north, a southern exposure, free from 

 untimel}^ frosts, and a perfectly-drained, light, loamy soil 

 are most favorable (187). 



3. The grape is mostly propagated by cuttings or layers. 

 Root grafting is practiced in some localities; crown graft- 

 ing is little practiced (188). 



4. The grape is commonly planted in rows, 7 or 8 feet 

 apart, the vines being set 7 to 10 feet apart in the row. 

 The soil should be of moderate fertility and well prepared 

 (189). 



5. The grape vine fruits chiefly on young shoots from 

 wood formed the preceding season. It commonly begins 

 fruiting the third year after planting (190). 



6. The grape vine, being a rampant grower, must be se- 

 verely pruned. The American varieties fruit well only 

 when the stems are trained upon a suitable trellis (191). 



7. The different methods of training the grape vine may 

 be reduced to two, viz., the upright methods, in which the 

 stems are tied low on the trellis, and the shoots are tied 

 above, as they grow; and the drooping methods, in which 

 the stems are tied high on the trellis, and the shoots are 

 permitted to hang from them (192). 



8. The most important upright training method is the 



10 



