146 Lessons in Fruit Grovnng. 



*' high renewal" (194); the most important drooping method 

 is the " Kniffen " (195). 



9. The annual pruning of the grape vine may be per- 

 formed any time from the maturing of the leaves in au- 

 tumn until frost leaves the ground in spring (196). Sum- 

 mer pruning is also needed (197). 



10. The trellis most in use for the grape consists of one 

 or more wires attached horizontally to posts set midway 

 between each alternate two vines (198). 



11. The principal insect enemies to the grape vine in 

 the United States and Canada are the grape-vine leaf- 

 hopper and the rose beetle. The former is held in check 

 by spraying with dilute kerosene, by carrying lighted 

 torches through the vineyard at night, and by removing the 

 fallen leaves, etc., baneath the vines in late autumn. The 

 latter insect may be destroyed as recommended for the plum 

 curculio (201, 202). 



12. The principal fungous diseases attacking the grape 

 are the black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew and 

 anthracnose. The first three are prevented by spraying 

 with Bordeaux mixture; the fourth, by washing the vines 

 and trellises in winter or early spring with a solution of 

 sulfuric acid and sulfate of iron in water (203, 207). 



13. Grapes should be gathered when dry and fully ma- 

 ture, with the least possible touching of the fruit. They 

 are commonly packed in the Climax basket (208). 



14. The grape vine may be protected in winter by cover- 

 ing the stems with earth (209). 



SUGGESTIONS FOR LABORATORY WORK 



1. Ascertain the different species of grape that grow 

 wild in your vicinity. 



