The Small Fruits. 155- 



They should be gathered a little before this stage of ripe- 

 ness for market, but raspberries picked for drying are often 

 allowed to remain on the plants until they can be jarred 

 off into a sort of hopper by striking them lightly with an 

 instrument resembling a carpet beater. In the latter case 

 the dried berries are run through a machine resembling a 

 fanning mill to separate them from foreign matters. 



222. Insects and diseases. As several harmful parasites 

 affect two or more of the bramble fruits, it is convenient ta 

 treat the parasites of all the species in one group. 



223. The raspberry cane-borer {Oherea himaculata) lays 

 eggs in the young shoots of raspberries in early summer, 

 causing the tips to wilt. The egg soon hatches if undis- 

 turbed, and the grub burrows downward through the pith, 

 reaching the root in autumn. The wilted tips should be 

 cut off below the injured part and burned. Canes of which 

 the leaves are found wilting during late summer should also 

 be cut out and burned. 



224. The raspberry slug or saw-fly {Selandria riihi) 

 sometimes devours the foliage during May and early June. 

 It may be destroyed by spraying the foliage with water 

 containing hellebore, or with dilute kerosene. 



225. The tree cricket {(Ecanthus nkeus) lays its eggs in 

 a rather conspicuous longitudinal row, in the canes in au- 

 tumn, weakening them so that they are liable to be broken 

 by wind (Fig. 45). The only preventive known is to cut 

 out and burn the affected canes. These are most readily 

 detected when the leaves are off. 



226. A small fly, Diastrophus nebiUosus, sometimes lays 

 its eggs in canes of the blackberry causing maggots to in- 

 fest the pith. The canes when thus attacked form large, 

 dark, conspicuous, red or reddish-brown, longitudinally- 



