The Small Fruits. 157 



side of the leaves and on the stems. This disease appears 

 to be communicated from one plant to another, especially 

 when their roots or foliage are in contact. 



All affected plants should be promptly dug out by the 

 roots and burned. 



229. The raspberry is used for dessert, canning, drying 

 and jam, and is most important of the bramble fruits. It 

 succeeds the strawberry in season. The native species are 

 now grown more or less throughout the United States and 

 southern Canada, and, with winter protection, succeed as 

 far north as any of our cultivated fruits. The European 

 raspberry was formerly considerably grown in the eastern, 

 states, but as its canes are less hardy than those of our native 

 species, its culture has been nearh^ abandoned. 



230. The blackberry, of which only one species is much 

 cultivated, grows taller and stronger, and is commonly 

 more fruitful than the raspberries. The oblong or cylin- 

 drical, commonly black fruit is mostly borne in leafless 

 racemes, and ripens as the raspberries are failing. The 

 fruit is used for the same purposes as the raspberries, but is 

 less popular. There is a variety having bright, yellowish- 

 green canes and short amber- or cream-colored fruit. 



The blackberries fruit more extensively toward the ends 

 of the branches than the raspberries, and hence the canes 

 should be less cut back in spring than those of the rasp- 

 berry. 



231. The dewberry. The cultivated dewberries (mostly 

 Rubus villosus) commonly bear larger, more juicy and 

 earlier-maturing fruit than the blackberry. Their cultiva- 

 tion, while apparently on the increase, is less general than 

 that of the raspberry and blackberry, probably owing to the 

 expensive culture necessitated by their trailing habit (219). 



