GRAFTING. 35 



cuttings. As the grafts gradually enlarge, the wood of 

 the old tree can be cutaway, until within a few years 

 the entire head will be of the new and better variety. 



GRAFTING WAX. 



Grafting wax, to be used for protecting wounds caused 

 by grafting above ground, may be made by the following 

 formula : 



3 parts beeswax. 

 2 parts rosin. 

 2 parts tallow. 

 Melt and work like candy. 



It is applied to the wounded surface, so as to thor- 

 oughly exclude air and moisture. 



GRAFTING CLAY, 



which is composed of equal parts of clay and horse ma- 

 nure, or cow dung, is sometimes applied to the grape in 

 preference to grafting wax. 



WHIP GRAFTING. 



This method is much practiced, and is particularly 

 useful in grafting small stocks, which are usually young 

 seedlings taken up in the winter or early spring. 



After they are cleanly washed and their tap roots 

 shortened, they are cut off at the collar of the root with 

 a slope, and split or tongued, as shown in jig. 80. The 

 scion is then cut in the same manner (Jig. 31) and they 

 are fitted together as in fig. 32, so as to insure a union of 

 the inner bark of the two parts. 



