42 



THE NURSERY AND THE ORCHARD. 



40a, 406 and 40c represent self-supporting espalier and 

 mode of forming letters by approach grafting. It requires 





Fig. 40a. 



Fig. 406. 



considerable time, patience and skill on the part of the op- 

 erator in order to obtain such happ}^ results ; but they are 



Fig. 40c. 



often accomplished and show to what extent the art of 

 grafting may be carried. From the foregoing explana- 



