PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS. 43 



tions, it will be understood how the operations are per- 

 formed. These complicated designs are produced more 

 readily by training the tree to a trellis which has the 

 outline marked upon it. In figs. 40a and 406 the branches 

 are united where they touch back to back, not where they 

 cross. In this mode of training it will sometimes be 

 necessary to supply branches where they are wanting 

 which can be done by methods already described. While 

 of little practical value, such experiments will be pecu- 

 liarly interesting to the enthusiastic pomologist. 



PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS. 



Cuttings are portions of plants, which, under favorable 

 circumstances, produce other plants similar to those from 

 which they are taken. 



Fig. 41. Fi^. 42. 



This method of propagation is applied to the grape, 

 mulberry, quince, raspberry, blackberry, fig, gooseberry, 

 currant and some kinds of pears. 



