PROPAGATION BY LAYERS. 45 



Cuttings require careful cultivation, and during dry 

 seasons watering will prove very beneficial. They are 

 sometimes placed in a hole in the open ground, with 

 their butt-ends up, tied evenly together and covered with 

 a few inches of dirt to remain till callus is formed in 

 spring on the ends turned up to the sun. 



They are then taken up and planted a few inches apart 

 in nursery rows. They must be handled carefully and 

 not exposed to the sun. Such plants as the blackberry, 

 that throw up suckers readily, can be propagated from 

 root cuttings, which are small pieces of roots two or three 

 inches long, planted in good soil, at an angle of about 

 forty-five degrees, and covered lightly. 



PROPAGATION BY LAYERS. 



Layers differ from cuttings in being left attached to 

 the parent from which they receive nourishment ; and 

 while not a very rapid method of propagation, they pro- 

 duce excellent plants. Layers are made from ripe or 

 green wood, and some plants that do not root readily 

 from cuttings are propagated without diflSculty by layer- 

 ing. 



Fig. 45. Fig. 46. 



Fig. 45 represents a cane of the vine laid down about 

 mid-summer, buried in the ground five or six inches 



