46 THE NUKSERY AND THE ORCHARD. 



deep, with the extremity, which is sometimes tied to a 

 stake, left uncovered. A flat stone placed over the 

 buried portion will aid in retaining moisture and in 

 keeping the vine to its place. By fall the layers will be 

 well rooted, when the entire cane is cut from the parent 

 and the rooted parts separated (fig. 46). They are 

 then ready for setting out. Plants are sometimes hooked 

 down, and those having hard wood have incisions made 



Fig. 47. 



near the buds, as represented in fig. 47, to facilitate root- 

 ing. 



A cane is sometimes placed in the ground in several 

 places at intervals of a few inches (fig. 47). This is 



Fig. 48. 



called serpentine layering. For spring layering, wood of 

 last year's growth is used. 

 A strong cane growing as near the ground as' possible^ 



