^0 THE NURSERY AND THE ORCHARD. 



the dirt till early the next spring, when the process is 

 repeated. In this manner the tree can be kept clear of 

 borers. 



APPLE TREE BORERS. 



These borers are entirely distinct from the one just 

 described, and as they do not confine their attacks to the 

 bark, but perforate the wood in all directions, are more 

 injurious, and not so easily destroyed. Several of them 

 will soon kill a thrifty tree. In summer the eggs are 

 laid by beetles on the bark near the ground or in the 

 forks or wounded places, and they soon hatch and begin 

 their circuit through the tree. Examine the trees often 

 and kill the borers by thrusting a flexible wire into the 

 holes made by them, or hunt them out with a knife, in- 

 juring the tree as little as possible. 



Their attacks are prevented to some extent by appli- 

 cations of the coal tar wash to the bodies and forks of the 

 trees. 



THE APPLE WORM OR CODLING MOTH. 



This insect is most injurious to the apple, but also at- 

 tacks the pear. 



The eggs are deposited in the blossom end of the young 

 fruit in spring. They soon hatch and burrow into the 

 core of the fruit, which ripens prematurely and drops to 

 the ground. In about three weeks the worm attains its 

 full size, and emerges from the fruit through a hole which 

 it makes in the side. It conceals itself under scales of 

 bark or in other such place, and in a few weeks is trans- 

 formed into a winged insect, which repeats the process of 



