THE GRAPE. 139 



while one of the upright canes is left to make a bow for 

 the next year, and the other cut back to two buds, which 

 produce two more upright canes, thus repeating the pro- 

 cess. In very strong vines two or more bows may be left. 

 Fig. 101 represents multiplied bow training, which is, 

 perhaps, more ornamental than useful. 



102.— Horizontal method of training. 



The horizontal method is shown in fig. 102. The trel- 

 lis is made three or four feet high. The cane is trained 

 to the middle wire, which should be fastened to the posts, 

 so as to be a little lower than the others. This causes 

 the laterals to grow at a slight angle upward, which aids 

 the flow of sap and promotes growth. 



GRAFTING THE GRAPE VINE. 



This is comparatively little practiced in the United 

 States, but it is resorted to largely in Europe, as a means 

 of protection against the phylloxera, a destructive insect 

 which infects European vineyards. American kinds are 

 used as stocks, and the results of their use during the last 

 few years have proven very beneficial. This method of 

 propagating the vine has been practiced to a limited ex- 

 tent for a great many years, and various methods have 

 been employed, but it is still regarded as somewhat diffi 

 cult and uncertain on account of the profusion of sap 

 .and the thinness of the bark. As the grape is so readily 



