172 



THE NURSERY AND THE ORCHARD. 



very thrifty condition. If planted in a seed-bed in row& 

 about eighteen inches apart, to be transplanted to nur- 

 sery rows, which is the usual practice, *the tap roots are 

 shortened at the time of removal. If the seedlings are 



/^ 



Fig. Ill — Kieffer Pear. 



raised in nmsciy rows three or three and a half fee' 

 apart, the tap root can be shortened by running a shar]^. 

 spado under them in the fall, and they can be budded or 

 grafted where they grow. When seedlings are bought, 

 they can be budded during the summer after setting out, 

 if they are growing vigorously f if not, they are grafted 

 tlie following spring. 



Suckers are sometimes used as stocks, but seedlings 



