THE RASPBERRY. 197 



tain a portion of the old root, as represented in /igr. 117. 

 The cap varieties are propagated from the tips or ends 

 of the young canes which bend over and take root. To 

 facilitate rooting the ends of the canes are covered with 

 a few inches of soil in the latter part of summer, or as 

 soon as they stop growing. They will be ready for 

 taking up in the fall. The tip varieties can be increased 

 very rapidly by checking the new growth when it gets 



Fig. 118. 



about two feet high, as shown in fig. 118. This causes the 

 plants to throw out side branches, which are ^in turn 

 shortened in when a foot or two long, and produce other 

 branches. In this way a single bush will furnish a 

 large number of tips to be layered late in the season. 



The soil for the raspberry should be deep and rich. 

 For garden culture they can be planted in stools of three 

 or four plants each, two or three feet apart. The grow- 

 ing canes should be pinched back when three feet high — 

 not allowed to obtain their full growth. By this means 

 they grow strong and branching, produce better fruits 

 and do not require supports. If the tops and side 

 branches are kept properly pinched back while growing, 

 they form a perfect hedge and bear immense crops of th 



