INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUITS. 



and finally out to the bark where it changes into the beetle form. 

 This insect also attacks the pear, plum, peach and cherry. 



Remedies. — All trees should be examined early in autumn; 

 If there are borers present, they may be detected by the dry ap- 

 pearance of the bark or by the exudation of sap or sawdust-like 

 castings. When such signs are seen the parts should be at 

 once cut into with a knife and the borer destroyed. As a pre- 

 ventive measure there is perhaps nothing better than to coat 

 the trunk and larger branches with a mixture of soft soap reduc- 

 ed with a solution of washing 

 soda to the consistency of a 

 thick paint, and if a little car- 

 bolic acid is added, it will be 

 even more repulsive to the 

 beetles. This should be kept on 

 the trees during the summer 

 months when the insect is in- 

 jurious. 



Twig Borer (Amphicerus bi- 

 caudatus). — A dark colored, cyl- 

 indrical, small beetle that bores 

 into the twigs of the apple, grape 

 and some other fruits. It is 

 seldom extremely injurious. 



Remedies. — The remedy is to 

 cut out in early summer the in- 

 fested twigs which contain the 

 borers and to burn them. 



Buffalo Tree Hopper (Ceresa 

 inMlusJ.' — An active, jumping, 

 ridiculous looking creature about 

 one-third of an inch long, re- 

 sembling a beech nut more than any insect. Its eggs are laid 

 in slits cut into the bark of apple trees by the female. Their 

 presence seems to seriously injure the adjoining wood and bark 

 and causes numerous irregular wounds which often seriously 

 check growth and are sometimes taken for hail Injuries. It 

 feeds on the foliage when young, but does little Injury in this 

 stage. 



Fig. 31. — Buffalo Tree Hop- 

 per; showing scars on old 

 wood as the result of its 

 injuries; also mature in- 

 sect. 



