DISEASES INJURIOUS TO FRUITS. 115 



of copper sulfate, containing one pound to twenty-five gal- 

 ions, applied in the spring about two weel^s before llie buds 

 open, is effective. 



Scab (Cladosporium carpophylum). — 'This fungus occurs on 

 the fruit, leaves and twigs. On th-e fruit it makes black spots 

 which may unite and involve a large part of the surface in a 

 black scab, disfiguring the fruit and causing it to become one- 

 sided. The mycelium lives over winter on the infected twigs. 

 Winter or early spring sprayings are recommended for the 

 Peach Scab. 



Yellows. — This disease is now considered due to some de- 

 rangement of the plant functions. It is evidently contagious. 

 The disease is not easily distinguished from troubles due to 

 other causes and weak trees may present symptoms closely re- 

 sembling those that are infected with Yellows. Its symptoms 

 are a general premature ripening of the fruit, which becomes 

 streaked with red, or spotted, and is of a poor quality; a pre- 

 mature development of the winter buds, giving rise to exces- 

 sive branching on new shoots resembling "witches brooms", the 

 formation of water sprouts, and finally a scanty, yellowish de- 

 velopment of the foliage. 



Peach Rosette. — This disease is very similar to the Yellows. 

 It is distinguished by the peculiar rosette arrangement of the 

 diseased water sprouts which spring from the branches. It gen- 

 erally causes the death of the tree in one season. No remedy 

 is known except to dig out and burn all affected trees at once. 



Remedies. — The best treatment is to grub out and burn 

 the diseased trees. A rigid enforcement of such treatment 

 would probably keep it in check, as this seems to be a fair 

 lesson to draw from the wide experience of the state of Michi- 

 gan in combatting this trouble. 



Diseases of the Cherry. 



The cherry is subject to the following diseases: — Black 

 Knot, Brown Rot, Leaf Curl, Leaf Spot and Powdery Mildew. 

 These are all discussed under Plum and Peach. The remedies 

 for these is Bordeaux mixture. 



Diseases of the Grape. 



Anthracnose (Sphaceloma anipelinum). — This rot may at- 

 tack the twigs, fruit or leaves. On the fruit it forms small, dark 



