APPLE. 



183 



enough for apples without manuring; indeed, heavy, black prairie 

 loam is generally so rich in plant food that it stimulates in most 

 varieties of apples a late growth, especially when the autumn 

 Is warm and moist, and only the hardiest kinds, such as those 

 that do not maice a late growth in autumn, should be planted In 

 such locations. 



A 

 Fig. SS. — Various kinds of roots on apple trees, a.— Cut too short, 

 b. — Stock has died and roots have been sent out from the cion. 

 c— Similar to b, but with more fibrous roots, d. — A good form 

 well dug, in which the stock is still preserved. 



If the sub-soil is a very hard clay that the roots can scarcely 

 penetrate, very deep plowing should be resorted to; but as this is 

 not deep enough to give the roots much of a chance in very hard, 

 dry clays, the holes should be dug very deep. A better way than 

 digging holes into such hardpan Is to explode a medium charge of 



