RASPBERRY. 265 



set-back from which they may not readily recover. But plants 

 may be very successfully set in the spring if planted early. 

 Gooseberries are grown in practically the same way as currants. 



Pruning should consist in taking out any superfluous or 

 weak stems, as recommended for currants. Besides this, the 

 size and appearance of the fruit of the common kinds will be 

 greatly improved if from one-third to one-half of the new growth 

 is cut off annually. However, some of the newer kinds pro- 

 ducing the large fruit, may perhaps, need this recommendation 

 somewhat modified. Large fruit is picked and sold most readily 

 and the quantity produced from a trimmed bush is, as a rule, 

 fully as much as from one not trimmed. This is especially 

 true of our native kinds which are inclined to overbear. Prun- 

 ing thins out the bushes so that picking can be more easily 

 done. 



Marketing. — Gooseberries are most in demand when per- 

 fectly green but are also used when fully ripe. They are gen- 

 erally marketed in quart boxes. 



Insects. — The insects that commonly injure currants and 

 gooseberries are the Currant Worm, Currant Borer, Leaf Lice 

 and Berry Moth. See Chapter VI. 



Diseases. — The more common diseases of the currant and 

 gooseberry are Leaf Spot and Mildew. See Chapter VII. 

 The Raspberry. 



(a) The European raspberry (Rubus ideusj. Varieties of 

 this class were the only kinds grown in this country for many 

 years and they proved to be poorly adapted to general cultiva- 

 tion here although in a few sections, as, for instance, near the 

 Hudson River, they were a success. Among the varieties of 

 this class that have been grown here are the Herstine, Hud- 

 son River, Red Antwerp and Superlative. In this class are yel- 

 low as well as red kinds. 



(b) The American raspberries are the foundation of com- 

 mercial raspberry growing in America on a large scale. They 

 embrace the red raspberry (Rubus strigosus) and the black 

 cap varieties (Ruhus occidentalis). Examples of the red rasp- 

 berry are the Cuthbert, King and Turner and of the black caps, 

 Gregg, Older and Kansas are examples. Among the varieties 

 of each of these species are red and yellow varieties. 



