40 Experiment Station Bulletin 345 



per cent. Again, in the ease of younger stands where trees are continu- 

 ally dying by suppression, it is shown that the waste volume runs all the 

 way from 49 to 52 per cent; 



In young hardwood stands most of the material can be used for fuel- 

 wood. Consequently, it is uncommon to find waste running higher than 

 7 or 8 per cent. Some stands may be classified as overmature and, if 

 suitable means can be found for their operation, they should prove a good 

 source of supply for plastic materials. 



Pulp wood operations yield a small amount of waste because of the 

 practice of cutting to a 4-inch top diameter. From data secured at sev- 

 eral pulp operations, it is shown that waste including stump, limbs, and 

 tops varies from 3.56 per cent to 4.14 per cent of the total volume of the 

 tree. 



Preliminary studies in white pine boxboard waste at portable mills 

 show that from 30 to 33 per cent of the log goes into slabs and sawdust. 

 From the results so far obtained, it is apparent that more waste is pro- 

 duced during the milling process than in the woods, and that this mill 

 waste can be handled more economically than woods waste. (Lewis C. 

 Swain) 



Sugar Maple Propagation 



No travel around the state was undertaken by the forestry depart- 

 ment because of the emergency, and all funds have been relinquished. 



This year's work consisted of a few tests on local trees carried out 

 principally to determine the method to be used. It was found that the 

 refractometer can be carried into the woods and used beside the trees, 

 provided it can be held in direct sunlight. 



It is not necessary that the trees be tapped for the test, as clipped 

 twigs were found to yield enough sap in one or two minutes. Small 

 trees were tested in this manner, and the results indicate that we will Be 

 able to check the results of the propagation work without waiting more 

 than two or three years for the trees to get big enough to produce sap. 



As a supplement to the other work, 18 daily runs of sap from a 

 single tree were brought into the laboratory and converted to syrup. 



The year 1941 was poor for seed production by sugar maple and we 

 have not been able to start propagating from seed. This spring, how- 

 ever, the trees set a heavy crop, and we plan to collect enough this fall 

 for a series of experiments. 



Greenwood or new-growth cuttings were taken from twigs of very 

 old maple trees beginning late in July. They were given varying treat- 

 ments both as to media for rooting and hormones. Marked clonal varia- 

 tion was found from the highest of 15 per cent rooted with w 7 ater only 

 and 10 per cent with a treatment of 50 mg. of indolebutyric acid per 

 liter down to zero response. 



Total mortality was also obtained with cuttings placed in sand and 

 peat and then placed in a refrigerator at +8°C, with and without hor- 

 mone treatments. Cuttings similarly treated and placed in a mixture of 

 sand and powdered manure in outdoor beds were also checked. 



On July 18 a large number of cuttings of various ages of wood were 



