May, 1908 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



"3 



Mr. Vroom on Export Fruit 



Eunice Watti, Waterville, N.S. 



At the Seed and Fruit Fair held in Ber- 

 wick, N. S., Mr. G. H. Vroom, Dominion 

 Fruit Inspector, told the audience how the 

 apples were collected for the last Royal Hor- 

 ticultural Show in Engfland, and explained 

 in a satisfactory manner that the medals 

 were not awarded because, as some people 

 had said, the exhibitors were "government 

 pets." 



The gold medal from me Crystal Pal- 

 ace went to British Columbia. That was 

 not surprising when we learn that the or- 

 chardists of that province begin to select 

 the apples in the spring by thinning the 

 fruit, and later by taking off any foliage 

 which hinders the coloring of the apple. 

 The fruit wfiich was sent to the show in bar- 

 rels was not so favorably received as that 

 sent in boxes. 



Nova Scotia sent to London the best col- 

 lection of fruit that had ever left the prov- 

 ince. The result was that it advertised 

 the fruit and many letters were sent from 

 England requesting boxes of apples for 

 Christmas. 



The speaker then discussed the subject 

 of handling apples, and said that the ma- 

 jority of Nova Scotians had yet to learn 

 how to handle fruit carefully. Scarce help, 

 high wages and a short season is no excuse 

 for handling apples roughly, for fresh ap- 

 ples bruise easily and later on every bruise 

 will show. Apples should be handled like 

 eggs ; the practice of throwing them into 

 baskets like stones across the sorting bench 

 is too common and should be severely con- 

 demned. Apples should be cooled before 

 being put in a cold cellar, and not allowed 

 to stand in a sunny orchard. 



Mr. Vroom said that it did not pay to 



send No. 3 apples to England unless they 

 are perfect Nonpariels or Golden Russets ; 

 all other No. 3's should be sent to the vine- 

 gar factory. He had heard on good auth- 

 ority that some dealers take off two shil- 

 lings from the number ones and put the 

 money on the number threes, so as to 

 make a better looking bill of sale. All the 

 world is looking to England for a market, 

 and unless the Nova Scctians cease to send 

 the culls to the Old Country their fruit in- 

 dustry will decline. 



Advice Regarding Spraying 



A. McNiell, Chief, Fruit Division, Ottawa. 



The orchardist should not imagine that 

 there is any great mystery or difficulty with 

 reference to the making of the Bordeaux 

 mixture, or the use of it after it is made. 

 Almost any of the ordinary directions found 

 in any of the spray calendars will give 

 good results. The material should be fresh- 

 ly made, and should be kept agitated. My 

 advice is to keep the growing tissue of leaf 

 and fruit covered as nearly as may be with 

 the thinnest possible coating of Bordeaux 

 mixture during the growing season. Com- 

 mence when the leaves have just fairly 

 shown themselves, and spray the first time. 

 The blossoms will soon be out, and then, 

 of course, no spraying should be done un- 

 til they are fairly well fallen. One should 

 not wait, however, until the blossoms have 

 all fallen before spraying again with the 

 poisoned Bordeaux mixture, as this is the 

 time when the codling moth will be 

 caught. The third spraying should be made 

 10 or 15 days later, and, to get the best 

 results, spray once more about two weeks 

 later. 



It is not necessary that the person doing 



the spraying should know all the enemies 

 which he has to combat in order to get 200 

 per cent, on his money, but the satisfac- 

 tion of working intelligently, and the extra 

 gain that will come will well repay anyone 

 in making a thorough study of the insect 

 and fungous pests that trouble the orchard. 

 The life history of these pests will suggest 

 the proper time at which any extra spray- 

 ing may be necessary; but if every farmer 

 should spray, even if he does not know the 

 name of a single insect in the orchard, the 

 operation will pay him well. 



Soluble Oil Spraying 



Editor, The Canadian Horticulturist: 

 I was glad to see the editorial in the Febru- 

 ary issue in regard to soluble oil for spray- 

 ing. The Connecticut growers have taken 

 hold of this remedy and so far feel well 

 satisfied. 



I am not prepared to say whether it can 

 be made as cheaply in Canada as in this 

 state, but I am informed that many of the 

 oil wells in Ontario are running to waste, 

 and that crude petroleum may be secured 

 at very low prices. Carbolic acid and rosin 

 oil may be somewhat more expensive in 

 Canada, but the other material should be 

 lower in price. It would be well for the 

 Ontario people to give this formula a trial. 

 I shall be glad to furnish co your readers 

 any information by correspondence that lies 

 within my power. — C. D. Jarvis, Storrs, 

 Conn. 



1 am greatly pleased with The Canadian 

 Horticulturist, and have gained a great 

 deal of useful information about flower 

 growing from its pages. — Wm. Needham, 

 Chatham, Ont. 



Hardy Herbaceous Plants for the Flower Borders 



'^^E have selected a varied collection of Herbaceous Plants with a view of making an Effective Ornamental 

 Border. Our plants are all hardy, bearing bright conspicuous flowers, and will yield a constant succession 

 of bloom for Decorative Purposes. Where any particular effect is desired either as to their height or their ar- 

 rangement in combination as to density, etc., it would be well to mention these features when sendi 

 which will always be cheerfully answered. 



len sending enquiries 



Paeonics 



Day Lilies 



(Funkia) 



Leopard's Bane 



CDoronicum) 



Perennial Sunflowers 



(Helianthus) 



Monkshood 



(Aconitum) 



Golden Glow 



(Rudbeckia) 



Red-Hot Pokers 



(Tritoma) 



Adam's Needle 



(Yucca) 



Phlox, German and Japanese Iris, Dahlias, named and unnamed, etc., etc. 



An extensive collection, carefully prepared, of the hardiest and choicest 

 blooming field-grown Roses, some budded and some on their own roots 



Our assortment of Apples, Plums, Pears. Peaches, Cherries, &c., &c. is well-known throughout the Dominion 

 and Catalogues explaining varieties will be mailed free on application. 



HELDERLEIGH. 



NURSERIES 



E. D. SMITH 



WINONA. 



ONTARIO 



Mention the Oanadiaii IIorticulturiBt when writing 



