igo 



porting-. The stalk and principal limbs 

 have now become so strong that they 

 support the smaller branches in a 

 most graceful manner. In consequence 

 of the size of my conservatory, the main 

 limbs have not been permitted to increase 

 in length for several years. Every De- 

 cember the small branches have been 

 pruned back severely. 



For over twenty years this plant has 

 stood in the conservatory, taking its 

 chances with other kinds. It has never 

 been put away to rest. About the first 

 of December, it suddenly stops growing 

 and blooming and until the first of Feb- 

 ruary no amount of stimulating will in- 

 duce it to send out a new leaf or flower. 

 Most of the old foliage remains on the 

 plant until replaced by new. Every 

 flower wants to go to seed, and if they 

 were permitted to do .so, the plant, with- 

 in a short time, would look like a small 

 tree filled with red cherries. 



.4s this plant increases in age, it in- 

 creases in vigor and acts as though it 

 were just commencing life in earnest. I 

 do not know to what age fuchsias will 

 live, but have been told that there is one 

 near London, England, that is .said to 

 be about a century old. 



Note — If any readers of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist know of a fuchsia that 

 is larger and older than the one here il- 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST September, 1908 



The Culture of Ginseng 



The Largest Fuchiia in Ontario 



Photograph was taken about three years ago and 



when the plant had about finished blooming for 



the season. 



lustrated, will they kindly send informa- 

 tion regarding same and a photograph 

 for publication. — Editor. 



If you like this issue of -The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist, show it to a 

 friend, and secure a subscription for us. 

 Thus you will help to make the next is- 

 sue e\en better. 



J. E. Janelle, Caughnawaga, Quebec 



'HE soil for ginseng must be rich, 

 cool, sandy, well-drained, and the 

 surroundings shady. Ginseng 



thrives best where oak, hickory, beech, 

 maple and basswood used to thrive, but 



T 



ly come up in May and June. When 

 the young plants have grown two sum- 

 mers they are transplanted to other beds, 

 and planted eight inches apart each way. 

 The plant begins to bear fruit when 



Lattice Shade over a Ginieng Garden 



Establishment of J. E. Janelle. Caughnawaga, Que. 



will not grow in low, wet, marshy soil, two or three years old and gives ten t,> 



nor will it stand an overflow during its seventy seeds, according to the qualit\ 



growing period. However, any soil can of the soil, and the age of the plant. The 



easily and cheaply be made suitable for berries turn red about the first of Sep- 



growing ginseng. Any soil that grows 'ember, and a few days later begin to 

 fruit trees or vegetables, especially the 



common carrot, will produce ginseng 

 equally as well. 



If "woods dirt," or leaf mould, is 

 not handy to use as fertilizers, the rich 

 soil around the base of an old straw- 

 stack, or well-rotted horse manure, with 

 a little wood ashes mixed with it, will 

 be a good substitute. If the soil is al- 

 ready very rich, it needs no, or very lit- 

 tle fertilizers. No green manure or any 

 other kinds of fertilizers than tho.se men- 

 tioned above, should be used on beds of 

 a ginseng garden. 



Ginseng must be grown in shade. The 

 natural shade of trees will regulate it- 

 self. The artificial shade made with 

 boards, laths or brush must be erected 

 when the leaves of trees begin to grow 

 in the spring, and must be removed in 

 the fall, about October first. The idea 

 i.s to imitate nature in forests, where 

 gin.seng grows in its wild state. In all 

 cases shade must exclude about three- 

 fourths or four-fifths of the sun's rays. 



Ginseng .seeds germinate eighteen 

 months after they are gathered. They 

 are planted in beds, either as .soon as 

 harvested or twelve months after, in rows 

 three inches apart, with the seeds two 

 inches apart in the rows. Seeds usual- 



fall off; it is then time to gather "them. 

 When the seeds are not planted as soon 

 as harvested growers keep them alive 

 by the process of stratification, in order 

 to preserve their germinating powers. 

 They must not be allowed to dry out, 

 or they will not grow. Such seeds are 

 called "stratified .seeds," and may bo 

 planted at any time until eighteen months 

 old. When planted at twelve months, 

 that is in September or October, thev 

 come up the next spring. 



On the other hand, plants or roots arc 

 transplanted only in the fall, when thr 

 .stem dies, and the root is dormant, that 

 IS, after the 15th of September, until the 

 ground is frozen hard. The operation 

 can also be done early in the spring, 

 but the season is very short, and risks 

 are great for a beginner to do it in the 

 spring. 



Cultivated roots are generally dug at 

 seven years old, that is, five years after 

 the plants were transplanted to regular 

 beds. They then average ten or twelve 

 dry roots to a pound, and their commer- 

 cial value is from $6 to $8 a pound, ac- 

 cording to size and quality. An acre of 

 ginseng, if well managed, and with rea- 

 sonable success, will produce at lea.st 

 6,000 pounds of dry ginseng roots «n 

 seven years. 



