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whatever, that has been stirred, and consequently comminu- 

 ated, by being forced up beyond the natural level of the sur- 

 face ; a fact, which demonstrates in a striking manner the 

 justness of the principle, that to render any soil pervious to 

 air and water, and to render it fertile, are almost synonymous 

 terms. With a mass of earth so prepared, and to between 

 eighteen inches and two feet out beyond the length of the 

 roots, both roots and branches will soon be stimulated to 

 greater multiplicity and more vigorous extension ; and the 

 former may be then safely trusted to seek food for themselves, 

 over the natural surface of the ground. Should a still great- 

 er range of pabulum, or of deepened soil be requisite for 

 particular trees, it will be easy to provide it, after the trees are 

 transplanted ; as such masses of earth, as these pits contain, 

 can be extended at pleasure, and both the shape and the 

 quality of the ground at the same time be improved. 



Supposing the soil and subsoil to be clayey and tenacious, 

 particular caution must be observed in trenching, to leave the 

 substratum untouched ; and the safest method in all cases is, 

 to penetrate no deeper than the improved and friable mould 

 extends, which is always permeable by moisture. But, 

 should the workmen unfortunately, through ignorance or 

 inattention, penetrate such a subsoil, a pool of water would be 

 formed by the fust rains that fell, of the size of the pit, 

 where, being held as in a cup, the roots of the tree would be 

 chilled on its removal, and the tree itself probably killed, in 

 the first season. 



Supposing further, that from necessity, or perhaps from 

 choice, the planter cannot wait the prescribed space of a 

 twelvemonth, for the most propitious time for removal, and 

 will be content with a less perfect comminution, and a less 

 intimate incorporation of the materials, let him proceed as 

 follows. Having maked out the pit and its dimensions, and 

 laid the compost, or extra earth, or both, as the case may be, 

 round the outside, let the workmen, in the first place, spade 



