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for three months, after being properly dressed, and sown 

 down with grass-seeds, if the space or area of the ground 

 trenclied be large ; and if it be trifling, it needs not to be 

 fenced at all, where sheep are the stock upon the ground. 

 The superior chance, which is by this system given to trees 

 to rise speedily to great timber, and the increased facility to 

 ^ the work of removal, ought to be sufficient inducements to 

 the owner of a place, particularly in new designs, to adopt 

 the system. But when it is considered, that the extra ex- 

 pense of trenching an acre, or two acres at once, for these 

 objects, is repaid more than twofold, by the additional yearly 

 value of the ground, there must be gain rather than loss, by 

 following the culture recommended. 



We now come to the second head, namely, close woods and 

 plantations. Close plantations, raised by means of the 

 transplanting machine, may be desirable, whether at old pla- 

 ces or new, for various purposes, where the immediate effect 

 of wood is wanted, for concealing objects, for example, that 

 require concealment ; for adding features to the foreground of 

 the landscape ; or for giving accompaniments to water, and 

 the Hke. These plantations consist of standard or grove 

 wood, at from eighteen to twenty feet from tree to tree, with 

 copse or underwood at five or six feet, occupying the inter- 

 vals. 



When the plantation is marked out, the first thing to be 

 done is, soon after the autumn, to trench or double-dig the 

 ground, eighteen inches deep, in light or silicious soils, and 

 twenty inches at least, in clayey or aluminous. During the 

 course of the trenching, if a manuring of compost can be 

 spared, it is an obvious improvement to dash it on, over the 

 slope of the earth thrown up, in order to promote a comminu- 

 tion of, and to give an incitement to the new earth, which 

 had never before been exposed to the air. But that is not 

 essentially necessary in this stage of the business. 



By the month of April, the winter frosts will have mel- 





