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for a tree five-antl-twenty feet high ; to which let four or five 

 cart-loads of any tolerable soil be added, of an opposite quality 

 if possible to that of the ground ; and let the whole be laid 

 down round the tree, and about four feet out from it. Let 

 three workmen proceed to throw these materials close to the 

 stem, two throwing the earth, and one throwing the compost 

 in a regular manner, and scattering the whole in the way of 

 lime on a field of fallow. Let the workmen next half-trench 

 the heap, as directed above in the foregoing section, and inti- 

 mately mix and toss it backwards and forwards, for the same 

 purpose. Lastly, let them spread it in a sloping direction 

 outwards, to the extent of the roots ; keeping it at the ex- 

 tremities four inches thick, and at the stem about three 

 times that thickness. Should there not be materials 

 enough to accomplish this, an additional quantity must be 

 procured. Into this loose and friable mould the genial rains 

 of spring will readily enter, and, carrying with them the car- 

 bonic acid gas of the atmosphere, render the whole the most 

 desirable food for plants. Thus excited, the fibrous roots, 

 which always strike upwards, will, during the first year, 

 nearly pervade the mass; by which means, both the roots 

 and the branches will soon be improved, and the tree itself 

 be in a proper condition for taking up, after the third or 

 fourth season. 



On the other hand, should the branches be tolerable, at 

 least for a spiral tree, and the roots defective, in consequence 

 of tenacity of soil, or mechanical injury done by other trees, 

 let the following improved method of cutting round be fol- 

 lowed. 



In the first place, supposing the plant to be five-and-twenty 

 feet high, as before, let a trench thirty inches wide be opened 

 round it, at the distance of three feet and a half, if you mean 

 to let it stand for four years, or more, after the operation, and 

 at the distance of six or seven feet, if you mean to let it stand 

 only two years. For, let it be remembered, that no tree can 



