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the same manner, if low and spreading subjects l)e reciuired 

 to crown, for example, some bold eminence, or clothe its 

 sloping sides, the leader or leaders of the top may be headed 

 down, for that or similar o])jects ; and by skilfully repeating 

 the operation from time to time, we shall produce or continue 

 what has been called the clump-headed character. Let it not, 

 however, be imagined that the mutilating, or what is usually 

 called the " lightening" of the tops of trees is by any means 

 intended. The system here recommended is radically and 

 characteristically Preservative ; and one of its striking 

 merits consists in carefully seconding, not counteracting the 

 laws of nature. Her exuberant efforts, indeed, may be 

 sometimes discreetly restrained, or specially directed, without 

 producing those unhappy consequences, which never fail 

 to flow from undue violence, under whatever name it may 

 be allowed to operate. It is by the former method alone, 

 that the scientific planter will communicate to his trees that 

 particular character, which best suits his purpose, and thus 

 be enabled to confer both intricacy and variety on his land- 

 scapes. 



In ordering the useful nurseries here attempted to be de- 

 scribed, the size will, of course, depend on the scale of the 

 place, and the wants of the owner. Two acres, or three at 

 most, would probably suffice as a repository of transplanting 

 materials for pretty large places, with the addition of such 

 single trees, as may always be found in plantations of extent. 

 But it is not necessary, nor would it at all times be practicable, 

 to set apart such a space of woodland in one spot. More 

 divisions, however, of this sort of training-ground are just as 

 good as fewer, if the requisite quantity be obtained on the 

 whole, and be the extent what it may, provided a competent 

 degree of healthful exposure, but likewise relative shelter, 

 can be commanded at pleasure. The great point of judg- 

 ment and difficulty lies in the opening up. A slow and 

 gradual, yet ultimately a full eoeposure should be given to 



