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rope of the stoutesl kind (which is greatly preferable to the 

 chain used by some planters,) is then passed under the root, 

 so as to seize it firmly, and balance it on the upper stage of 

 the crossbar between the wheels ; which rope is then drawn 

 tight, by means of bracing or rackpins, such as waggoners 

 generally use, and secured in the ordinary manner. Last 

 of all, the tree is drawn down, by the united strength of the 

 workmen, or by a steady horse, if at hand, bearing on the 

 pole-rope ; and the tree, being in this way left suspended 

 horizontally on the crossbar, is ready to be drawn away, root 

 foremost, to its intended destination. 



Before the horse or horses are put to, a simple but very 

 material matter requires attention, and that is, to secure the 

 boughs and roots from all friction with the wheels, or with 

 the ground, which would greatly chafe and injure both : for 

 all the boughs, which appear under the pole, unless very 

 slender and pliant, must be bound up by means of cords 

 cautiously passed under them, so as to compress this part of 

 the top, but without fracturing the parts, into the narrowest 

 compass. And the same care must be taken to bundle up 

 all the flexible parts of the roots, so as to prevent their com- 

 ing in contact with the ground, or with the wheels. If the 

 forced-up surface also of the pit be too soft and sinky, it will 

 be expedient to form a path for the wheels, by a close line 

 of hedge stakes laid transversely to the path, so that they 

 may easily pass upon it to the firmer ground. These things 

 being done, the horses are put to, in the same manner as to 

 a plough, but with much stronger draughtbars, at least the 

 main one. An iron chain of great strength attaches them 

 to the machine ; and stout ropes are employed instead of 

 plough-chains, which are ill calculated to withstand the 

 sudden pulls and jerks, incident to this species of work. As 

 to the horses, it is of the utmost importance that none but 

 quiet and steady-pulling animals be admitted to this service, 

 such as are not hot and fiery, however true to the draught, 



