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during the iwo first years alter removal, that our success 

 may in a great measure be attributed. 



I will now proceed, in the second place, to speak of close 

 woods and plantations. The afterwork applicable to these 

 will not require a long discussion. Much of the afterwork, 

 that is proper for single trees, equally applies to enclosed 

 masses of wood : besides, the same minuteness of attention, 

 and diversity of labour, are not demanded by the latter, as 

 by the former style of plantation. 



In the foregoing three sections, the method has been 

 pointed out of preparing and planting close woods, which, in 

 their handsomest form consist of standard or grove trees 

 with underwood intermixed. Such plantations, having 

 been previously trenched, and manured to a potatoe-crop, 

 are in a state of preparation, far exceeding any that can be 

 obtained for open groups, and still more for detached or 

 single trees. One advantage above all others they possess, 

 and that is, that the plants, which compose them, form a 

 complete shelter to one another, and thereby create a cli- 

 mate for the plantation, many times milder than that of the 

 surrounding grounds. Here also a far greater stagnation of 

 air prevails, and consequently, a retention of moisture, pro- 

 portionally greater than in the open park. 



The first thing to be done with these plantations is the 

 same as with single trees, namely, to go over them carefully, 

 and examine what cover they have upon the roots, and to 

 supply it, if wanting, with earth taken from the intervals. 

 To make up the cover to about ten inches in depth, is at 

 least equal to a foot or fourteen inches, in the open field. It 

 seldom happens, unless the outside plants be very deficient 

 in length of root, that any consolidation by the beater can be 

 wanted ; neither is any uncommon accuracy material, in 

 leveUing or dressing the surface, unless what is required to 

 preserve the general character of the ground, and to prevent 

 the stagnation of water in any part. In respect to fencing 



