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mould may crumble down, and m some sort mix with the entire mass 

 excavated. When I thought of this method twenty years ago, the 

 workmen ohjected to the execution of three spits deep, at the same 

 price per fall (Anglice pole), as had been paid for two spits. But, on 

 persuading them to try, they discovered, that instead of being more, it 

 was less laborious than the two spits, with the two shovelings ; and thus, 

 after a little practice, I was enabled to add another inch, and sometimes 

 two, to the depth of the work, for the same expense, and likewise to 

 obtain a far greater comminution of the parts. Since that time, we 

 never trench according to any other method here ; and the benefit re- 

 sulting from it has induced others to adopt the practice. In the Ency- 

 clopedia of Gardening (§i 23G.), there is an excellent style of trenching 

 described, for mixing soils, but on too extensive a scale for any thing 

 but horticultural purposes of the most expensive sort. 



The trenching or deepening of ground is a practice of first-rate 

 importance in arboriculture, whether to trees during infancy, in the nur- 

 sery-ground, or after they have obtained a more advanced age. In the 

 present section, the benefit attending it has been so particularly insisted 

 on, that no more could be necessary to be said upon the subject in this 

 place, had not the public attention been particularly turned to it by a late 

 writer, Mr. William Withers, junior, of Holt, Norfolk. 



This gentleman has lately published two pamphlets on the practice in 

 question, the object of which is to show, that by trenching the ground 

 previously to planting, and then keeping it clean for some years after- 

 wards, greater progress will be made by wood of every sort, and conse- 

 quently a greater return to the planter, in ten or twelve years, than in 

 five-and twenty and thirty, by the common method. The system is not 

 new, having been well known in England for more than two centuries : 

 yet the author, in the first pamphlet, makes out his statements in a 

 manner so clear and satisfactory, as to excite considerable interest ; 

 and as ingenious experiment is his forte, and not scientific inquiry, he 

 corroborates the whole by an animated and confident appeal to his own 

 practice. By all impartial persons, who are acquainted with the sub- 

 ject, the account given by Mr. Withers of his operations will be 

 admitted to be extremely candid ; and I agree with Mr. Cobbett (See 

 Reg. Nov. 1825), that it is "neat, plain, unassuming, and full of in- 

 terest." 



