26 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



for profit: Wood, Knight, Napoleon, 

 Tartarian, Dyehouse, Montmorency, late 

 Duke, Elkhorn, Windsor and English 

 Morello. 



"In plums there has been much dis- 

 couragement, because for two years the 

 crop has been a comparative failure. 

 Last season the Japanese plums, usually 

 noted for their productiveness, failed 

 entirely. But the price of this fruit has 

 been advancing; and the prospect is 

 that the plum crop in the future will be 

 as profitable as formerly, unless good 

 prices should lead to overplanting again. 

 For the Niagara district the following 

 selection is recommended: Red June, 

 Burbank, Bradshaw, Chabot, Gueii, 

 Yellow Egg, Lombard, Quackenboss, 

 Shropshire, Satsuma, Reine Claude. 



"Currants, too, of late, are in demand. 

 A few years ago I ploughed up a planta- 

 tion of two acres of fine Cherry currants ; 

 now 1 am ordering a fresh lot for plant- 

 ing in the early spring. On hght soils, 

 the black currant is unprofitable; but 

 on clay loam it is more productive. 

 Even the red currant, the most profit- 

 able kind, goes too much to wood 

 growth on rich, sandy loam, and on light 

 sand is very subject to leaf blight. Of 

 the red currant we plant Victoria, Wilder, 

 Cherry and Fay. 



"Raspberries also are in demand 

 these days. One new variety is proving 

 itself of great value; viz., the Herbert, 

 which was originated at Ottawa. It is 

 hardy as well as productive, and the 

 henry is large. I would plant Herbert, 

 Marlboro and Cuthbert." 



THE BURLINGTON DISTRICT 



The following are recommended by 

 Mr. A. W. Peart as desirable varieties 

 for planting in the BurUngton district: 

 "Apples, summer, Astrachan and Duch- 



ess; fall, Ribston, Blenheim, Pippins 

 and Wealthy; winter, Baldwin, Green- 

 ing, King and Northern Spy. Pears, 

 summer, Wilder, Clapp and Bartlett; 

 fall, Boussock, Louise, Duchess (dwarf), 

 Anjou and Kieffer; winter, Josephine, 

 Winter Nelis and Easter Beurre. 

 Plums, European, Bradshaw, Niagara, 

 Imperial Gage, Lombard, Yellow Egg, 

 Glass and Reine Claude; Japan, Red 

 June, Abundance, Burbank, Chabot 

 and Satsuma. Peaches, Alexander, 

 Greensboro, St. John, Early Crawford, 

 Champion and Elberta. Cherries, 

 Early Richmond, Montmorency, Eng- 

 lish Morello, May Duke and Windsor. 

 Grapes, black, Moore's Early, Worden 

 and Concord; red, Delaware, Lindley 

 and Vergennes; white, Niagara and 

 Moore's Diamond. Blackberries, Sny- 

 der, Ancient Briton, Western Triumph, 

 Agawam and Taylor. Raspberries, red, 

 Marlboro and Cuthbert; black, Hilborn, 

 Older and Smith's Giant; purple, 

 Shaffer and Columbian; white. Golden 

 Queen. Currants, red. Cherry, Fay, 

 Victoria, Wilder, North Star, and Prince 

 Albert; black, Naples, Lee, Collins' 

 Prolific and Saunders; white, Grape. 

 Gooseberries, Pearl, Downing and Red 

 Jacket. 



"The above fruits are grown on gravel- 

 ly loam and clay loam soils, well drained. 

 AH planting is done in the spring. The 

 bruised, torn ends of the roots of young 

 trees are cut away, and the top cut back 

 to balance the root. They are planted 

 deeply enough for the top of the collar 

 of the roots to be three or four inches 

 below the level surface of the ground, 

 a consideration which is too often 

 neglected. Dwarf pear trees are planted 

 deeper by two or three inches in order 

 that the base of the pear stock may 

 throw out roots and thus reinforce the 



quince bottom which is rather light. 

 Young orchards are kept cultivated for 

 several years, growing some sort of 

 a crop in them, but always leaving room 

 for horse cultivators on each side of 

 the trees. In planting young bushes, 

 a great deal of labor is saved by plough- 

 ing a deep furrow in the proposed row. 

 To accelerate knitting with the soil, the 

 bruised ends of these should also be cut 

 away. At planting time the soil should 

 be in a fine granular, moist, but not 

 wet, condition. In filling in earth 

 around trees and bushes, leave a depres- 

 sion of 2 or 3 inches. The cultivator 

 will soon level it and young weeds will 

 be more easily checked." 



The following letter was received 

 from Mr. W. G. Home, of Clarkson: 

 "Clarkson has become noted for growing 

 fine strawberries. The principal vari- 

 eties are the Williams, Sample, Beder- 

 wood. Glen Mary, Clyde and Warfield. 

 The Sample and Warfield varieties being 

 pistillate, would have to be planted with 

 some of the other varieties. A great 

 many raspberries are also grown. Of 

 the red varieties there has been none on 

 the market as yet to beat the Cuthbert. 

 Clarkson growers almost exclusively 

 grow this variety. In blackberries we 

 find Snider and Western Triumph the 

 best." 



STRAWBERRY VARIETIES 



Rev. E. B. Stevenson, Ponsonby: 

 "The best varieties of strawberries 

 after careful trials seem to be the follow- 

 ing: New, Cardinal, Mead, Three W.'s, 

 Minute Man, and Wonder; older vari- 

 eties, Palson's Beauty, Splendid, Ruby, 

 Fountain, Sample, Senator Dunlop, 

 Haverland, and Glen Mary. The past 

 year was one of the best in our experi- 

 ence for prices and yield." 



A. New^ Pest of tKe Apple' 



AN insect which up to the present 

 time has not been reported as a 

 serious pest, occurred in such de- 

 structive numbers during the past season 

 that it must now be reckoned with by the 

 orchardist. The insect is known as the 

 Apple Leaf-Miner or the Trumpet-Miner 

 of -the apple (Tischeria tnalifuliella 

 Clemens). It was first observed in 

 Pennsylvania and described by Dr. 

 Clemens in 1860. Later its occurrence 

 has been recorded in Kentucky, New 

 York, Illinois, Texas, Minnesota, Mich- 

 igan, New Jersey, Vermont and On- 

 tario. 



The injury is caused by the tiny 

 caterpillars mining in the leaves, mak- 

 ing large, brownish patches (Fig. 3). If 

 several of these patches are produced on 



♦This warning was sent out recently to Con- 

 necticut fruit growers by the Storrs Agricultural 

 Experiment Station. It should be heeded by 

 growers in Canada. 



A 



n 



S >* 



ST ■ . 



>^1M 





,.t«C1"* 





\ 



(1) The Apple-Leaf-Miner 



a leaf, it rolls up and ceases to per- 

 form its functions. The mines fre- 



quently become so numerous that they 

 run together and form one large blotch. 

 As many as 68 full-grown caterpillars 

 (Fig. 1) have been taken from a single 

 leaf, indicating that originally there 

 were as many distinct mines. The 

 upper branches of the tree are usually 

 more seriously infested and lose their 

 foliage first (Fig. 2). This loss of foli- 

 age results in premature, undersized 

 fruit. By checking its vegetative ac- 

 tivity, the vitality of the tree will also be 

 more or less reduced. 



LIFE HISTORY 



^Early in June the egg, which is so 

 small that it cannot be seen with the 

 naked eye, is deposited singly on the 

 upper surface of the leaf. A drop of 

 wax seals it to the leaf. In about six 

 days it hatches and the young cater- 

 pillar, without exposing itself to the 

 outside world, bores into the leaf. At 



