52 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



prune carefully and shorten-in the 

 other trees. If the fight to control the 

 scale forces us to grow low-headed 

 orchards, to shorten-in all of our trees 

 so that we will have a new growth of 

 wood every season, and to keep our trees 

 so that the fruit may be gathered from 

 not higher than a six-foot ladder, it will 

 not be an unmixed evil but possibly a 

 blessing in disguise. Second, thorough- 

 ness in application of the remedy or 

 spraying material. No matter what mate- 

 rial is used or what variety of pump is 

 handled,- cover the tree and branches 

 thoroughly. Do not accept statements 

 of agents who tell you that their material 

 will go farther as it spreads on the 

 branches after being applied. They do 

 this so as to induce you to purchase 

 some of the more costly remedies. If 

 these remedies are diluted too much or 



scale. A better plan is to arrange for 

 a number of growers to have an engine 

 or boiler and cook by steam. Where this 

 is not available, an agricultural boiler 

 can be rigged up. Where the steam is 

 used, the cooking can usually be done 

 in about one hour. When the agricul- 

 tural boiler is used it will take longer. 

 When boiled with steam or agricultural 

 boiler bring 12 to 14 gallons of water to 

 the boil, then throw in 20 pounds of 

 good lime and quickly add 1 8 pounds of 

 finely pulverized sulphur. Stir occas- 

 ionally. Dilute by adding enough water 

 to make 45 to 50 gals. 



"Commence spraying early in the 

 season Spray the sides of the trees 

 from the windward side, then watch 

 until the wind blows from the other way, 

 and do the other side; a good, stiff 

 breeze is preferable. This helps to 



An "Auto-Spray" at Work in a Vineyard 



all of the twigs are not covered at the 

 end of the season, you will invariably 

 find the scale very prevalent. 



"Many mixtures are being placed on 

 the market. Every season some of 

 these are discarded owing to failure, 

 others stay with us a little longer, or 

 may be used because of fancied ease 

 in application. For the commercial 

 orchard, nothing equals the Ume-sulphur 

 remedy properly boiled, because of its 

 cheapness as compared with all the 

 others, and because of the good work 

 that it does, as it remains on the trees 

 throughout the season ; it can be seen on 

 the trees now at date of writing 10 

 months after the application. 



"The lime-sulphur wash can be pre- 

 pared by boiling with the heat of the 

 lime, but this is not safe to depend on as 

 some of the barrels may not get sufficient 

 cooking, owing to some defect in the 

 lime, or something else may result, 

 where this is applied, in not killing all the 



carry the spray to points on the opposite 

 side of the tree and not only ensures 

 better and more thorough work, but also 

 obviates the disagreeable features of the 

 mixture falling back on the clothes and 

 person when spra5dng is done in calm 

 weather. 



"For the encouragement of new be- 

 ginners, I may say that those who have 

 sprayed three and four years with the 

 lime-sulphur mixture are nearly all 

 planting out larger acreages. They 

 feel con\'inced from past experience 

 that the scale can be kept in check and 

 the trees healthy. This is a strong 

 point in favor of lime-sulphur. The 

 wash prevents leaf curl in the peach, 

 is a good fungicide and can be used on 

 apples instead of copper sulphate before 

 buds open. Trees sprayed with it 

 show darker and glossier foliage during 

 the summer and the bark is made clean. 

 The grower who takes care of his orchards 

 now will be well repaid for years to come, 



and the careless grower will be driven 

 from the business." 



ARSENITE OF LIME 



A comparison between arsenite of 

 lime and arsenate of lead as regards 

 their value as insecticides for mixing with 

 Bordeaux mixture is made by Mr. Jos. 

 Tweddle, of Fruitland, Ont., in the 

 following letter: "For fruits, arsenite 

 of lime when carefully handled in the 

 early summer gives almost as good results 

 as arsenate of lead, and is much cheaper. 

 White arsenic must be boiled with fresh 

 lime as follows: Take one pound of 

 arsenic, two pounds of fresh lime and 

 one gallon of water, boil briskly for 45 

 minutes, then use one and one-half 

 pounds of the mixture to one barrel of 

 Bordeaux. Apple foliage is much less 

 resistant to damage by this insecticide 

 after July than before. My experience 

 shows that three times the above- 

 mentioned strength may be used in 

 June without burning the foliage, and 

 that one-half that strength will bum it 

 in July and after. Inexperienced per- 

 sons, however, should use the arsenate 

 of lead, as it is safe to use full strength 

 and is easy to prepare. Use three and 

 one-half pounds per 50 gallons of 

 Bordeaux mixture." 



ONE GROWER USES ORDINARY LYE 



Spraying with old-fashioned lye, to 

 clean the bark of trees and to destroy 

 scale, is practised by Mr. E. Hippie, of 

 Beamsville, Ont., who has faith in its 

 effectiveness. Tlie process of making 

 the lye is, in 'the words of Mr. Hippie, 

 as follows: "I take a barrel (two or 

 more if required) and bore three holes 

 in the bottom near the rim. The barrel 

 is placed on a raised plank. The holes 

 in the bottom are covered so that the 

 ashes to be used will not clog. The 

 barrel is then filled with ashes, firmly 

 stamped in. On this is poured about 

 12 quarts of water a day until the lye 

 commences to leach out, then three or 

 four times this quantity of water is 

 added. This is continued until the lye 

 becomes weak. The lye so made is 

 used for spraying diluted with an equal 

 quantity of water." 



Hardy Late CKerries 



What are the best hardy cherries as late as or 

 later than Montmorency? Richmond is too 

 early. Robins and cherry birds take them. — 

 C. W. B., Prescott, Ont. 



One of the best hardy cherries which 

 comes in just after the Montmorency 

 is the Ostheim. The English Morello 

 is also later than the Montmorency 

 but it is not as hardy as the Ostheim. 

 Another very late kind is Brusseler 

 Braun. — Answered by W. T. Macoun, 

 Horticulturist, C.E.F., Ottawa. 



No tree requires regular pruning so 

 much as the peach. Low-headed peach 

 trees are best. 



