May, 1907 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



127 



OrcKard Management 



At the last P.E.I. F.G.A. convention an 

 address on "Orchard Management " was de- 

 livered by Mr. W. T. Macoun, C.E.F., Ottawa. 

 He spoke especially on that part of the work 

 relating to varieties, cultivation, cover crops, 

 fertilizers and pnining. In referring to varie- 

 ties, he mentioned those which appeared to 

 him particularly suitable for the Annapolis 

 and ComwalUs valleys as judged from obser- 

 vations recently made by him on a trip through 

 the Annapolis valley. He said that in the 

 future the Blenheim was going to be to the val- 

 ky what the Gravenstein had been in the past, 

 as this sort did particularly well, and was sought 

 for in Great Britain. Other suitable varieties 

 were Ribston, King, Baldwin, Wagener, and 

 Stark. Others which did well, though not 

 quite so satisfactory, are Greening, Northern 

 Spy, Golden Russet, Roxbury Russet or 

 Nonpariel. The Ben Davis does well, but ii 

 not recommended. He thought orchards were 

 cultivated more thoroughly in N.S. than in 

 most places in Canada, but cautioned the fruit 

 growers against cultivating too late, as he 

 believed tl^t the so-called "collar rot" of the 

 Gravenstein and other varieties was caused 

 by the trees growing too late in the autumn, 

 and that the bark at the ground was burst 

 when severe frost came, the wood not being 

 thoroughly ripened at this point. He recom- 

 mended stopping cultivation earlier and seed- 

 ing down with cover crops to check growth. 



Referring to fertilizers, he said that young trees 

 do not require much fertilizer, good cultivation 

 early in the season being more important. Ex- 

 pensive fertilizers may be applied to bearing 

 trees. Cover crops were recommended for 

 young and old orchards to furnish humus and 

 nitrogen, and to bring the soil into a better 

 mechanical condition, thus lessening the leach- 

 ing of plant food and favoring a thorough 

 aeration of the soil, which Mr. Macoun con- 



tended was as important a factor in cultiva- 

 tion as the retention of moisture. In pruning 

 bearing or old trees they should be treated back 

 at the top and sides from the outside, rather 

 than pruning off the large lower limbs and 

 cutting out the centre of the tree. This 

 forces the tree to more upward growth, mak- 

 ing picking harder, while heading in encour- 

 aged the development of bearing wood lower 

 down. Considerable discussion followed this 

 paper, esiJecially on the subject of "collar rot," 

 some favoring Mr. Macotm's views and some 

 not sure that this late growth was the cause. 



Toronto Hort'l Society 



The Toronto Horticultural Society held its 

 regular meeting on April 2. Arrangements were 

 made for the distribution of seeds to school 

 children and other routine business transacted. 

 Mr. Wm. Hunt, of the O.A.C., Guelph, was the 

 lecturer of the evening, his subject being "The 

 Mixed Flower Border." His address was, as 

 usual, full of good, sound, practical information. 

 The speaker stated that he had selected "The 

 Mixed Flower Border" as his subject for several 

 reasons one being that very few flower lovers 

 in towns or cities had sufficient ground to allow 

 of their having a border of what are usually 

 considered as strictly border perennials alone. 

 For this reason, and the fact that in having a 

 more varied selection of plants such as spring 

 and summer flowering bulbs and plants as well 

 as a few annuals, or even greenhouse and house 

 and window plants mixed in judiciously, a more 

 continuous and lengthened period of flowering 

 results could be obtained. 



Numerous questions were asked the speaker 

 during and after the address, the audience evi- 

 dently being deeply interested in the subject. 

 A hearty vote of thanks was tendered the 

 speaker at the close of his remarks. Extracts 

 from Mr. Hunt's address will be published in 

 another issue. 



Notes from Societies 



The Thornbury Horticultural Society will 

 miss the well-known and genial face of its late 

 secretary, A. W. Walker, who has gone to 

 join the great majority. He settled in that 

 locality some 40 years ago. 



The St. Catharines Horticultural Society is 

 booming. Indications point to a banner year. 

 Three shows will be held, as last year, Jime, 

 July and September. The September show 

 will surpass in every way the one of last season. 



At a meeting of the Hamilton Horticultural 

 Society, held April 11, Prof. H. L. Hutt of 

 the O.A.C., Guelph, gave an address on "How 

 to Beautify Homes." The lecture was illus- 

 trated by means of lantern slide views, and 

 was much enjoyed. 



A most enjoyable meeting of the members and 

 friends of the Grimsby Horticultural Society 

 was held at the beautiful residence of Mr. Linus 

 Woolverton, on April 12. The speaker of the 

 evening was Mr. Wm. Hunt, of the O.A.C., 

 Guelph, his subject being by request, "Our 

 Grandmother's Garden." Much information 

 of a practical and interesting nature was impart- 

 ed to those present. 



At a recent meeting of the Woodstock Horti- 

 cultural Society, Mr. Wm. Hunt, of the O.A.C., 

 Guelph, spoke on two subjects, "The Mixed 

 Flower Border," and "Seasonable Topics." 

 The speaker in his introductory remarks con- 

 gratulated the citizens on the securing of a 

 parks, shade tree and boulevard commissioner. 

 The subjects of the evening were matters on 

 which the speaker seemed quite at home. A 

 number of questions were asked Mr. Hunt, who 

 replied in his usual ready and well-informed 

 manner. In the afternoon, Mr. Hunt addressed 

 about 200 scholars at the Central School, among 

 whom the Woodstock society is distributing 

 about 300 packets of aster seeds. 



Reliable Plants for Spring Planting 



ROSES 



SNOW^QUEENI(Frau Karl Druschki or White American Beauty). 

 The new German Rose which has made such a sensation. 

 Flowers exceptionally large and .snow white. Strong grower 

 and free bloomer. 



BABY RAMBLER. This new Rose is of dwarf habit and con- 

 tinually blooms from Spring until frost. At the approach of 

 cold weather the plants can be potted and brought in the 

 house, where they will bloom throughout the winter. 



Also Baron Prevost, Crimson Rambler, Dorothy Perkins, 

 Madame Plantier, Marshall P. Wilder, Margaret Dickson, Paul 

 Neyron, Ulrich Brunner, White Ramblers, Yellow Ramblers, and 

 a general assortment of extra hardy field-grown Roses which 

 cannot fail to give satisfaction. 



WRITE FOR USTS AND PRICES 



EVERGREENS 



250,000 NORWAY SPRUCE 



(fPicea excelsa) 

 in all sizes from 9 inches to 3 feet 



All transplanted, healthy and bushy stock, just in the condition 

 for forming thick Evergreen hedges an4 shelters. 



Also Thuja NervEeneana, Thuja Pyramidalis, Thuja Semper- 

 auresceus (a most beautiful bronze and golden coloured dwarf 

 growing arbor-vitje), Austrian, Scotch and White Pines, all sizes. 

 Retinosporse in variety, and the leading varieties of Thuyop.sis, 

 Abies, Taxus, etc.. 



WRITE FOR LISTS AND PARTICULARS 



Stock packed carefully and shipped by Freight or Express. Shipments made daily by G.T.R., C.P.R., M.C.R., T. H. & B. Ry. and 



Canadian and Dominion Express 



ESTABLISHED U CENTURY 



HELDERLEIGH NURSERIES 



E. D. SMITH 



Mention The Csnsdian Horticulturist when writing. 



NURSERIES 750 ACRES 



WINONA, ONTARIO 



