134 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



May, 1907 



TRONAQE 



(Improved Robbins) 



Potato Planter. 



The only potato planter that does abso-, 

 lutely perfect work— no misses or doubles 



Write for the 

 Book describing 



new 1907 Iron Age| 



I'otato Sprayers, Cul- 

 tivators, Diggers, and! 

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 Garden 

 Tools 



Bateman fM-g. Co.l 

 Box 5t6 

 Grenloch,N.J.| 



\yil^IlIU9 your orders for Spring de- 

 livery of freshly imported Orchids. Our 

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 large stock of established Orchids on hand 



CARILLO & BALDWIN 



SECAUCUS, N.J.. U.S.A. 



Small Fr uit Plant s 



GOOSEBERRY, Red, White— CURRANTS, 

 Red.White, Black— RASPBERRY, Red, Yel- 

 low— BLACKBERRIES— STRAWBERRY- 

 RASPBERRY— GRAPEVINES, Camp- 

 bell's Early, Eaton, Worden, Moore's Early, 

 Salem, etc., aU hardy sorts— STRAWBERRY 

 PLANTS— HOUSE PLANTS — ROSES — 

 RHUBARB AND ASPARAGUS ROOTS 



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WILLIAM FLEMING 



NURSERVMAN 



P.O. Box 34 



O-wen Soxand, Ontario 



Books for Fruit Growers 



Grape Culturist 



By A. S. Fuller. This is one of the very best 

 of works on the culture of the hardy grapes, with 

 full directions for all departments of propagation, 

 culture, etc., with 150 excellent engravings, illus- 

 trating planting, training, grafting, etc. 282 

 pages, 5 X 7 inches. Cloth fl.50 



Successful Fruit Culture 



A practical guide to the cultivation and propa- 

 gation of fruits, by Samuel T. Maynard. This 

 book is written from the standpoint of the prac- 

 tical fruit grower who is striving to make his 

 business profitable by growing the best fruit 

 possible and at the least cost. It is up-to-date 

 in every particular, and covers the entire prac- 

 tice of fruit culture. Illustrated. 274 pages. 

 5 X 7 inches. Cloth SI. 00 



Insects and Insecticides 



By Clarence M. Weed. A practical manual 

 concerning noxious insects and mithods of pre- 

 venting their Injuries, with many illustrations, 

 334 pages. 5 x 7 inches. Cloth.'. $1.50 



Spraying Crops 



By C. M. Weed. A treatise explaining the 

 principles and practice of the application of 

 liquids and powders to plants for destroying m- 

 sects and fungi. Illustrated. 140 pages. 5x7 

 inches. Cloth. SO cents. 



These are only a few of the books we handle 

 on horticultural subjects. If interested, write 

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THE HORTICULTURAL 



PUBLISHING COMPANY 

 . 506-7-8 Manning Chambers - Toronto 



Recent Bulletins on Insects and Plant Diseases 



Reviewed by Prof. Wm. Lochhead, Macdonald College 



PERHAPS of all insects, the gardener finds 

 the cabbage and onion maggots the most 

 difficult to control, hence any information 

 along the line of controlling these pests is 

 •welcomed. In the experiments carried on by 

 Dr. J. B, Smith and E. L. Dickerson, of the New 

 Jersey Agric. Expt. Sta. (Bull. 200) in 1906, 

 early, frequent and thorough applications of a 

 carbolic acid and lime mixture gave best results. 

 The mixture is made as follows: Slake the lime 

 to a thin cream, use 3 pints to a gallon of water, 

 and to this add one tablespoonful of crude car- 

 bolic acid. It should be applied along the rows 

 immediately after the plants are set, or have 

 made their appearance above ground, the 2nd 

 application 5 days later, the 3rd, 4th and 5th at 

 intervals of a week. The applications may be 

 made with a sprinkling can or spray nozzle, and 

 must be thorough in order to get it well around 

 the plants so that the surface of the ground will 

 be coated to the plants. 



The experimenters also recommend the use of 

 carbolic acid emulsion if applied soon enough, 

 often enough and thorough enough. This emul- 

 sion is made as follows: Dissolve one pound of 

 soap in one gallon of boiling water ; to this add 

 one pint of crude carbolic acid, then churn 

 thoroughly with a pump until a good creamy 

 emulsion is obtained. For use, dilute emulsion 

 with 30 times as much water. Apply at the 

 time stated for the carbolic acid and lime mix- 

 ture, and use plenty. 



THE CABBAGE MAGGOT 



(Report of Minnesota Entomologist for 1906.) 

 For 2 years efforts ■were made to find out a prac- 

 tical remedy for the cabbage maggot. Every 

 reputed remedy that the entomologist had knowl- 

 edge of, and some new ones as well were tried 

 Good results were obtained in 1906 by immers- 

 ing the roots at time of setting with hellebore 

 and water (1 part to 2 parts of water), and also 

 by the use of bran and glue, and sawdust and 

 glue. Two pounds of glue, dissolved in one gal- 

 lon of water, are mixed with one-half pound of 

 sawdust or bran. A handful of the mixture 

 is placed around each plant a day or two after 

 setting. It forms a covering 3 or 4 inches on the 

 ground, and closely around the stem, through 

 which the maggot, when it hatches from the 

 egg, is unable to make its way to the plant 

 tissue below the surface. The experiments will 

 be continued in 1907. 



THE GRAPE BERRY 'WORM 



(Circular 63, Ohio Expt. Sta., by H. A. Gos- 

 sard and J. S. Houser, Nov. 15, 1906.) The 

 reviewer found the Grapeberry Worm quite 

 abundant in many vineyards in the Niagara 

 district in 1905, hence grape growers will be in- 

 terested in the recommendations of the Ohio 

 experimenters. The borders of vineyards should 

 either be plowed or burned over to destroy the 

 wintering cocoons, and then thorough sprayings 

 with poison Bordeaux should be given, the first 

 before blossoming, the second immediately after 

 blossoming, and the third 10 days or 2 weeks 

 later. The writers recommended double-spray- 

 ing of the rows of vines, and the addition of 

 some form of soap to the poison Bordeaux as 

 sticker. It will be noted that the sprayings 

 recommended as effective against the Grape- 

 berry Worm will also serve to ward off the mil- 

 dew and the black rot. Arsenate of lead is to 

 be preferred to Paris green as the poison in- 

 gredient in the Bordeaux. 



APHIDS AFFECTING THE APPLE 



(Circular 81, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Mar. 

 9, 1907, by A. L. Quaintance.) Reference is 

 made to 4 species of plant Hce infesting the 

 apple, viz.: The Woolly Apple Aphis, Schiz- 

 oneura lanigera; the European Grain Aphis, 

 Siphocoryne avewB; the Apple Aphis, Aphis 

 mali; and the Rosy Apple Aphis, Aphis mali- 

 folim. Descriptions are given of the 3 latter 



species, their differences noted, and their lift 

 histories, as far as they are known, outlined. 



Regarding method of treatment, nothing new 

 is recommended. Special mention, however 

 is made of the importance of pruning the term 

 inal twigs, for it is on these that the majorit-. 

 of the black shining eggs are to be found. Tlii 

 value of the lime-sulphur mixture, as a destroyt - 

 of aphis eggs, is noted, as is also that of the com 

 mon substances in use as spring or summt - 

 sprays, such as kerosene emulsion solution 

 whale-oil soap solution, strong tobacco decoc 

 tion, and crude petroleum emulsion. It is im 

 portant that these spring applications be made 

 immediately after the eggs liave hatched, for 

 after the foliage is well out and more or less dis- 

 torted from the presence of the plant lice, effec- 

 tive spraying is quite difficult, since many of 

 the insects on the lower surface of the curled 

 leaves will not be hit by the spray. 



THE APPLE LEAF MINER 



(Bull. 45, Storrs, Conn., Agric. Expt. Sta., 

 Dec, 1906, by C. D. Jarvis.) This small Apple 

 Leaf Miner, which has been frequently observed 

 in Ontario orchards, but never to an alarming 

 extent, was very abundant in Connecticut dur- 

 ing the past season. The adult of this miner 

 caterpillar is a minute moth, about the size of 

 an ordinary clothes moth. Two broods occur 

 during the season, the second being the more 

 serious. The first brood begins with egg lay 

 ing about the 2nd week in June, the 2nd in last 

 week of July. The caterpillars remain ovei 

 winter in their silk-lined mines, The writer oi 

 the bulletin sees only one method of dealing 

 with this miner, viz. : To gather up and destroy 

 the infested leaves, or plow them under, prefer 

 ably the latter, for the insect feeds within the 

 leaf and cannot be reached with insecticides. 



SOME POTATO DISEASES 



(Bull. 71, Wyoming Agric. Expt. Sta., Jan. 

 1907, by A. Nelson.) Four diseases are dis- 

 cussed in this bulletin, viz., Early Blight, Late 

 Blight, Scab, and the Rhizoctonia disease 

 Careful and accurate descriptions and the besi 

 methods of controlling these diseases are given 

 The Rhizoctonia is known imder several com- 

 mon names, such as stem rot, rosette, littk 

 potatoes and blackfoot. The fungus attacks 

 the stem at or just below the surface of tb( 

 ground, destroying the bark in whole or in part 

 If the attack be a severe one it may result it 

 the death of the plant; if less severe, it maj 

 induce a wet rot. and thus result in the death ol 

 the plant; or it may simply girdle the stem 

 the plant continuing to live, and often producing 

 as a result of the girdling, an enlarged and ap- 

 parently vigorous top. 



There are 3 stages of this fungus — the Rhizoc- 

 tonia stage, where only threads are seen; tht 

 corticium stage, where minute summer spore! 

 are observed, and the sclerotia stage, where com- 

 pact bodies occur on the tubers and the stem 

 These sclerotia, as they are called, carry the lift 

 of the fungus over to the next growing season. 

 The treatment recommended is to plant tuben 

 free from sclerotia, rotate the crops, and treat 

 the tubers for planting with formaline solution, 

 as is done for the prevention of scab. 



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 reader of The Canadian Horticulturist sene 

 us the names of four of their friends who an 

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 Sending these names would not greatly incon- 

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