156 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



June, imr, 



It is very conspicuous as white blotches along 

 the twigs, the underlying bark becoming dry 

 and brown. It appears on the fruit while it is 

 yet small and immature, causing them to fall 

 prematurely. In some cases, it ruins the crop 

 for market. While the disease is not trouble- 

 some in Canada, it deserves watching. Troubles 

 of this nature sometimes come unexpectedly. 

 Among the preventative measures suggested 

 are pruning the trees to an open head. Plant 

 and ])rune to favor a free circulation of air about 

 and plenty of sun about and on the inside of the 

 tree. Sulphur dusted on the trees and Bordeaux 

 mixture are recommended as remedies. 



I'RUIT STORAGE EXPERIMENTS 



The fruit growers of Canada will be inter- 

 ested in watching the results of fruit storage 

 experiments that are being taken up in Iowa, 

 The character of tlie work that is proixised 

 has an ira|X5rtant bearing on the fruit industry 

 not only of that state, but also of others and 

 of Canada. Iowa orchards are producing a 

 superabundance of fall apples and a propor- 

 tionate scarcity of late winter fruit. This is 

 particularly the case in the northern half of 

 the state, where there is a great scarcity of 

 hardy varieties of good winter apples. This 

 condition presents two problems of economic 

 importance. 



The cold storage of fall varieties, thereby 

 lengthening their season, and making it pos- 

 sible to distribute the crop to more distant 

 markets and also at better prices to the grower. 

 The storage of fall sorts for local market and 

 home consurnption in winter -as a substitute 

 for late varieties. The aggregate amount of 

 fall apples which annually goes to waste in 

 Iowa is enormous. With ample storage facili- 

 ties and proper methods of handling the fruit, 

 both before and after it is stored, there can be 

 no doubt that much of this loss might be pre- 

 vented and thousands of dollars which are sent 

 out of the state would remain in the hands 

 of the Iowa fruit grower. 



It has been clearly demonstrated by care- 

 fully conducted cold storage experiments, that 

 many of the fall vaiieties'of apples can be kept 

 2 and ,3 months beyond their normal period 

 in first -class condition. A variety varies nmch 

 in its storage quality under different soil and 

 climatic conditions, and while the leading 

 commercial varieties grown in Iowa have al- 

 ready been tried in storage in older fruit grow- 

 ing sections, yet these tests do not apply to 

 Iowa conditions, and the value of Iowa fruit 

 for storage has not yet been determined. 



The Hort'l section of the Iowa Exp, Sta. in 

 cooperation with the Division of Pomology of 

 tlie U,S. Dept, of Agri, is taking up the in- 

 vestigation of a numlier of imjxjrtant problems 

 connected with the cold storage of apples grown 

 in that state. Observations are to be made 

 on. the keeping quality of different varieties 

 of apples as related to the age of the tree, the 

 type of soil uix)n which it is grown, whether it 

 is grown under sod or under clean tillage, the 

 degree of maturity of the fruit, the question 

 of immediate vs. delayed storage, of wrapped 

 vs. unwrapped fruit, and of a small package 

 vs. barrels. The work will be conducted by 

 Mr. H. J. Eustace, expert in fruit storage in- 

 vestigations of the Division of Pomology in 

 cooperation with Prof. S. A. Beach, of 'the 

 Iowa Exp. Sta The Horticulturist and 

 the fruit growers of Canada will watch the 

 work with interest, 



CURCULIO ON APPLE TREES 



Experiments to contribute to the knowledge 

 of the value of insecticide sprays as a preventive 

 of injury to the apple by the plum-curculio, have 

 been conducted by the Illinois Exp, Sta In 

 a word. Bull, No, 108 says that it was found 

 that four times spraying with arsenate of lead 

 at a cost of 17 cents a tree increased the yield 

 of the tested orchard, about one-half, the aver- 

 age size of the fruit by about one-fifth, and so 

 improved the quality of the apples that they 

 were worth from two and a half to three time's 



as much as if the orchard had not been sprayed. 



Analysis of apple peelings made the day after 

 the trees had been sprayed once with arsenate 

 of lead at 4 times the usual strength, equivalent, 

 consec|uently, to 4 successive sprayings, yielded 

 36.6 parts per million of arsenious acid, equal to 

 ,256 of a grain of arsenic to an avoir, lb, of the 

 peelings. This would mean that one wc)uld 

 have to eat approximately 4 lbs. of apple peel- 

 ings to get a grain of arsenic if the fruit were 

 taken the day after spraying with arsenate of 

 lead at 4 times the usual strength. 



By a comparison of apples taken from differ- 

 ent parts of the check and experimental plots 

 it was shown that curculios passed from tree to 

 tree to .such an extent that rows of sprayed 

 apples adjoining the check plot, and rows of 

 unsprayed apples adjoining the experimental 

 plot, may not be used for comparison if exact 

 results are expected, but that check and ex- 

 perimental trees must be taken from rows some 

 distance within their respective plots. 



NOXIOUS WEEDS 



The Ont. Dept. of Agri. has published a svn- 

 opsis of the act to prevent the spread of noxious 

 weeds. In brief, it is as follows: It is compul- 

 sory for the owner or occupier of land to cut 

 down and destroy on that land Canada thistle, 

 ox-eye daisy, wild oats, burdock, as often as 

 is necessary to prevent their seeding, provided 

 that this does injure growing grain crops. By- 

 laws may extend the operation of the act to 

 any other weeds and to any disease of grain 

 or fruit trees, excepting only yellows and black 

 knot in fruit trees. The owner or occupier of 

 land is furthermore rec|uired to destroy, be- 

 fore the ripening of their seed, all noxious 

 weeds growing on any highway (not being a 

 toll road) adjoining his land from the boundary 

 of such land to the centre of the road. In this 

 event of neglect, upon written notice, to carry 

 out these instructions, it is incumbent upon 

 the authorities to enter ujxot the land and cut 

 down all such noxious weeds, charging the cost 

 against the land with the other taxes, ."^s 

 offences against the act are pimishable bv fine 

 or imprisonment, 



5,000 Facts About Canada.— A remarkable 

 little booklet has l^een compiled under the above 

 self-explanatory title by Frank Yeigh of Toronto, 

 the well-known writer and lecturer on themes 

 Canadian, Perhaps no one in the Dominion is 

 better qualified to make such a compilation. 

 Its value is, as claimed, "worth its weight in 

 Yukon gold or Cobalt silver," The idea is a 

 clever one, viz,: a fact in a sentence, giving a 

 wonderful mass of information in the smallest 

 compass on every jjhase of our commercial and 

 industrial life, and our natural resources. The 

 booklet is sold for 'Joe, and may be had from 

 tiewsdealers or from the Canadian Facts Pub- 

 lishing Co,, 667 Spadina Avenue, Toronto, 



A patent weed exterminator has .been in- 

 vented by Mr, Herman Thceni, of Spokane, 

 Wash, Its essential feature is a tube provided 

 with a suitable penetrator, which is tapered to 

 a point, and adapted to being filled with liquid. 

 The point of the penetrator is pressed into the 

 heart of the plant or weed, and, by means of 

 valves and other apparatus, a desired quantity 

 of the liquid is allowed to pass out, A few- 

 drops of a suitable liquid is sufficient to kill 

 an ordinary weed. The implement is claimed 

 to be particularly useful for killing weeds on 

 lawns and other places where hoeing cannot 

 be done, 



"I have used a Wallace Power Sprayer (Stand- 

 ard) on 1,100 apple trees, about 35 years planted 

 30 ft apart, tops touching in places, and could 

 always spray a tree with plenty of pressure left 

 Sometimes I have sprayed as many as three 

 trees without putting the pump in gear, I have 

 not lost either time or cash through any failure 

 of machine, I have had it up to 200 lbs, pres- 

 sure, but generally run at 80 to 125, I use 8 

 nozzles,"— J, B. Tweedle, Kilbride, Ont, 



Items of Interest 



The Missouri State Horticultural Society will 

 hold its semi-annual meeting on June 4, 5, and 6. 



The prize list for the Canada National Exhibi- 

 tion has tieen issued. Copies may lie had by 

 applying to J, O. Orr, manager, Toronto 



I congratulate The Canadian Horticul- 

 turist in regard to the fine quality of its \yd\>eT, 

 clean ty|5e and general make-up, and on the 

 excellent and timely articles that it publishes. 

 — E. Preston, Port Dover, Ont. 



That market gardening is a healthy and useful - 

 occupation is evidenced by the recent decision of 

 the prison commission of Georgia, to teach the 

 work to the youthful inmates. Some ten acres 

 have been set aside for the pur[Xise. The objects 

 are to maintain the health of the youths and to 

 place them in a position to earn good wages when 

 their terms expire. 



Notwithstanding the loss of the Government 

 grant of $.t()0, the .Niagara District Horticul- 

 tural Exhibition, to be held in St. Catharines in 

 Septeml)er, will be lietter and larger than the 

 one of last year. The city council has granted 

 $350 to the horticultural stjciety, $300 of which 

 w-ill be devoted to the exhibition. The Lincoln 

 county council has granted $175 for the same 

 ])urpose. The prize list will be revised at an 

 early date. 



The death is announced of Mr. Robert Hamil- 

 ton of Grenville, Que. Mr. Hamilton was well 

 known among the fruit men of Canada, having 

 been identified for many years with the Quebec 

 Fruit Grocers' .Association. Of late years, 

 Mr. Hamilton has l)een connected with the 

 exhibition branch of the Dominion Department 

 of Agriculture and took a prominent part in the 

 arrangements of the fruit exhibits from Canada, 

 at the leading international exhibitions in recent 

 years. 



Owing to his physicians having ordered him to 

 undergo a very critical operation, Mr. J. Horace 

 McFarland, the president of the .\merican Civic 

 Association, was prevented from addressing the 

 meetings of the Hamilton, Toronto, Guelph, 

 Cobourg and Perth horticultural societies dur- 

 ing the latter part of .\pril and first of May. It " 

 is probable that Mr, .McFarland will be able to 

 address these societies and any others who may 

 wish to secure his services the coming fall. 

 Several of the societies have expressed a desire 

 to have Mr, McFarland at that time. 



Simcoe, — On the whole, the apple crop 

 promises to be medium, with Spys and Kings a 

 full crop. — Jas. E. Johnson. 



TKe *'Buco*' Hand 

 Cxiltivator 



=■ 

 U 



Tines are OIL TEMPERED STEEL SPRINGS. 

 adjustable to width. Handle 4!^ feet longf. 



It gets DOWN DEEP, loosens the soil thorough- 

 ly. and cleans the weeds out BY ROO T. One man 

 with a "BUCO* is worth two with a hoe. Less labor, 

 more vegetables. Great around trees and shrubs. 



Sent by Expre«« on receipt of price, $1.50 each. 

 Return after trial at our expense, and money hack 

 if not satisfactory, 



BAILEY-UNDERWOOD CO., Limited 



Tool Dept. NEW GLASGOW. N,S. 

 Mention Canadian Horticulturist when writing 



