Lugust, 1907 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



199 



I state, through their railway agent, the amount 

 ■ ice to be utilized in the initial icing and 

 irhether cars are to be re-iced in transit. The 

 iipper should also see that the cost of icing up 

 to 85 is charged forward against the department. 

 Last year, under a similar arrangement, 102 car- 

 loads of fruit, mostly early apples, were shipped in 

 iced cars prior to the end of September and it is 

 to be hoped that this year a much larger number 

 of shippers will avail themselves of the privilege 

 offered. 



In this connection I wish to point out the 

 advantages possessed by the St. Lawrence route 

 for export shipments of early fruit. In addi- 

 tion to the iced cars above referred to, which, 

 if the fruit is in proper condition when loaded, 

 should land it at Montreal or Quebec in good 

 condition, the shipper has the further advantage 

 if the over-sight exercised by the cargo inspec- 

 tors of this department, who are on the docks 

 (lay and night for the purpose of seeing that 

 packages of fruit are carefully handled and 

 ^Toperly stowed in the ship. The refrigerator 

 liambers are also inspected and thermographs 

 ire placed so as to record the temperature 

 tnaintained in the chamber during the voyage 

 Inspectors are again on hand at the ports of 

 iischarge in Great Britain to note the condition 

 .f the fruit when landed and the handling it 

 receives. If the shipper, therefore, takes pains 

 to ship his fruit in good condition he may rest 

 assured that it will reach the other side in first- 

 class shape. 



SometHin^ for Dairymen 



The subjects that will be dealt with in the 

 lour issues of The Canadian Dairyman for 

 August will not be only timely but of great 

 ^alue and interest to dairymen and farmers 

 ;enerally. On August 7 harvesting crops and 

 ;iroducing milk for condensed milk factories 

 A ill be featured. This latter question will invoh e 

 1 comparison between conditions relative to 

 iiid profits resulting from the production of 

 nilk for condensories, and producing milk for 

 ity consumption, creameries and cheese 

 1 ictories, together with a comprehensive de- 

 scription of the process of manufacturing con- 

 densed milk. 



Power on the farm will be the main subject 

 treated in the August 14 issue. The various 

 forms of power will be discussed, their advant- 

 ages and disadvantages, and the saving in time 

 ind labor effected through their use. On 

 August 21, cultivation for fall crops will be taken 

 up. In this issue all matters pertaining to the 

 preparation for fall crops, their cultivation 

 rotation and so forth will be dealt with. 



Silo construction and points pertaining thereto 

 will constitute the special subject for the issue 

 of August 28. Together with these special 

 subjects letters and articles touching on all 

 phases of dairying will be presented. 



During this month the cheese and creamery 

 department of The Dairyman will be especially 

 interesting. Efforts are under way to strengthen 

 these departments. Each issue will contain 

 letters from practical and competent men, dealing 

 with seasonable subjects that will be of inestim- 

 able value to men engaged in cheese or butter 

 making. The subscription price of The Cana- 

 dian Dairyman for one year is one dollar. 

 Sample copies can be had by dropping a card to 

 the Dairyman Publishing Co., 506-7-8 Manning 

 Chambers, Toronto, Ont 



New Brunswick Fruit Growers' Association 



That British Columbia is becoming a great 

 fruit growing province is evidenced by the 

 enthusiasm and success of all persons who 

 have bought land for that purpose. Some of 

 the l^est fruit land is still available and is being 

 offered for sale by Messrs. McDermid and Mc- 

 Hardy of Nelson, B.C. See their advertisement 

 on another page. 



The annual convention of the American 

 .\ssociation of Park Superintendents will be 

 held in Toronto on Aug. 15, 16 and 17. 



IN accordance with the suggestion to that 

 effect made at their last annual meeting, 

 the New Brunswick Fruit Grower's Associa- 

 tion held an illustration meeting at the 

 orchard of the president, Mr. J. G. Oilman, of 

 Kingsclear, on June 26. The principal speakers 

 were Mr. G. H. Vroom, the Dominion Fruit In- 

 spector, and that well-known entomologist, Mr. 

 Mcintosh, the Curator of the Natural History 

 Museum of St. John. 



In giving a practical demonstration of spraying, 

 Mr. Vroom clearly described "how not to do it," 

 and explained that some orchardists thought 'it 

 nece.ssary to "wash" their trees, a proceeding 

 that was worse than useless. He laid great 

 stress on the importance of having the spraying 

 mixture properly made, and the Paris green 

 thoroughly well incorporated with the mixture, 

 and recommended that the latter be not added 

 till just Ijefore commencing to spray, as being of 

 a heavy nature, and insoluble in water, it would 

 sink to the bottom and the benefit of it be lost, 

 if mixed long beforeliand and allowed to stand. 

 He also emphasized the necessity of spraying 

 just after the blossoms have fallen, as by that 

 means the spray was able to reach the ends of 

 the blossoms where the codling moth was in the 

 habit of laying her eggs, and so be in readiness 

 for the young caterpillars when they came out 

 to feed. He recommended the bandaging of 

 trees as one means of dealing with insect pests. 

 A move was subsequently made to the adjoin- 

 ing orchard of Mr. S. B. Hatheway, where a 

 young orchard had recently been laid out under 

 the direction of Mr. T. A. Peters, the deputy 

 commissioner of agriculture, after the manner 

 of the illustration orchards which the provincial 

 government is setting out in various parts of 

 the province. Mr. Peters explained the method 

 of laying out and planting the trees, and the 

 subsequent cultivation of the orchard, in a most 

 appreciative manner. 



SOMETHING ABOUT NATURE STUDY 



At a public meeting Mr. Mcintosh said he was 

 glad to find that there was a widespread awaken- 

 ing, not only in this province but in the country 

 generally, as to the value of nature study. 

 Some people thought that nature study and 

 natural history were the same thing, but this 

 was not so. A naturalist was a specialist, 

 one who made a special study of all the animate 

 and inanimate objects of nature, with the view 

 of learning all there was to be known about 

 them ; whilst the pursuit of nature study simply 

 meant the obtaining a general knowledge of such 

 objects, a little about all of them; in fact, just 

 sufficient to- know and understand how they 

 live and move and have their teing. He found 

 it especially gratifying to see the growing desire 

 for such nature studies among the children and 

 the opportunities which the schools were provid- 

 ing for its teaching. The existence of the brown 

 tail moth was discovered in Nova Scotia by a 

 student of nature. So far this pest had only 

 been found in two places in New Brunswick, 

 and in each case it was a mature moth and not 

 the caterpillar. 



The speaker then described fully the various 

 insect pests with which the orchardist is usually 

 troubled, which included the bud moth, the 

 codling moth, the aphis or green fly, the oyster- 

 shell bark-louse (which he described as the 

 most widespread of all the insects pests of the 

 province), the borers (for which latter there 

 was no perfectly satisfactory remedy), and the 

 tent moth, which might perhaps be sometimes 

 mistaken for the brown tail moth. The cater- 

 pillar of each was somewhat alike, but not 

 exactly. Tlie brown tail moth usually made 

 its nest at the end of a branch, whereas the tent 

 moth usually chose the spot where a branch 

 joined the stem of a tree, or the fork between 

 two branches. In concluding the speaker said 

 that nature study was most valuable because 

 of the knowledge gained of the various in.sect 



pests which damage the farmer's crops; and as 

 such knowledge increased, so would the knowl- 

 edge of farming; and better crops and more 

 money would, as a natural consequence, result 

 to the farmer. Mr. Mcintosh's remarks were 

 illustrated by large colored drawings of the 

 several moths and caterpillars described, which 

 made the subject most interesting and intel- 

 ligible to his audience. 



In an address by Mr. Vroom, he expressed 

 the pleasure he had received in listening to the 

 remarks of Mr. Mcintosh, which showed that 

 even the oldest orchardist had .something to 

 learn. He cordially agreed with the president 

 that these meetings were the best means of 

 disseminating knowledge it was possible to have, 

 and as the last speaker had truly said the more 

 knowledge the farmer had the better would be 

 his crops. Some people thought apple growing 

 was all profit. Whilst this was not the case by 

 any means, there was no doubt that properly 

 attended to there was money in it. But in 

 their desire to care for the orchard, they must 

 not neglect the other part of their farm, but 

 treat the orchard as an adjunct of the farm. 



To be successful, it is necessary to have good 

 land, well drained and well cultivated, and kept 

 in good condition. Only the kinds of trees 

 suited to the locality should be planted; it is 

 simply a waste of money to buy an inferior 

 quality of stock. When planting, be careful 

 to trim the roots and tops of the trees. If the 

 whole of the tops were left on when transplanting, 

 the strain on the remaining roots was too great 

 for the tree to stand successfully. It was 

 advisable to be somewhat sparing in the use 

 of fertilizers, as it would only tend to make too 

 much wood, but as soon as the tree began to 

 bear, it would he of advantage to dress with a 

 little potash, and this could be applied in the 

 form of hardwood ashes. 



Mr. T. A. Peters, the deputy commissioner 

 of agriculture, in speaking of the caterpillar of 

 the brown tail moth and its likeness to the 

 caterpillar of the tent moth, said that though 

 in general appearance they were somewhat 

 alike, the brown tail caterpillar had two red spots 

 on its back near the tail end which the tent 

 caterpillar had not, so that any one finding these 

 spots would know the kind of caterpillar he had 

 to deal with. — G. Bidlake. 



Messrs. Stone & Wellington, of Toronto, have 

 had many years' experience in shipping nursery 

 stock to the western provinces and British 

 Columbia. That their stock has been received 

 with favor and is doing well, is evidenced by the 

 letters received by that firm from its many 

 satisfied customers in the west. Mr. John R3ran, 

 Sr., of MacLeod, Alta., wrote: "I have had a 

 letter from the Deputy Minister of Agriculture 

 from Edmonton, inquiring of me in regard to the 

 growing of fruit trees in Alberta, the shelter 

 required, etc. I told him that I had some fruit 

 trees from Stone & Wellington, of Toronto, that 

 could be seen in my garden at any time, and 

 were doing well. He has sent me some forms to 

 fill in, which I have done, and I have recommend- 

 ed your firm to him." A letter from Mr. Max D 

 Major, of Fern Point Fruit Farm, Winnipeg, 

 Man., states: "Having purchased most of my 

 nursery stock from you for many years past, I 

 have pleasure in adding my testimony to the 

 excellent quality thereof, in particular as to the 

 trueness to name. I cheerfully lecommend any 

 prospective customers to place their orders with 

 you. 1 may also add that I have always found 

 your business dealings perfectly square and 

 honorable." Mr. H. H. Sparling, Lome Park, 

 Sask., writes: "Nursery stock received in good 

 condition. I must say the stock is very fine. 

 The people are more than satisfied ; they say it 

 is the best stock ever shipped to Saskatchewan." 



