278 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



November, 1907 



same time and the wood becomes more 

 matured and harder than that of stock 

 grown in less favored locahties. 



ADVANTAGES OF EARI^Y PLANTING 



The advantages of early planting are 

 recognized by all up-to-date planters. 

 The growth of a tree planted in April 



specialty is being made of crossbred 

 apples, suitable for planting in Manitoba 

 and the Northwest Provinces, and in 

 New Ontario. Mr. Smith is propagat- 

 ing and growing the valuable hybrids 

 produced by Dr. Wm. Saunders, of the 

 Central Kxperiniental Farm, Ottawa, 



A Corner of a Block of 50,000 Spruce Trees 



will be worth three times that of a tree 

 planted in May Not only are there 

 less losses but the growth is better and 

 greater. In the future of a tree, it is 

 important that it makes a vigorous 

 growth the first year. A tree that is 

 stunted during the first year never 

 recovers. It is beheved that a tree 

 planted dormant and early will grow 

 more in two years than one planted late 

 and partially in leaf will in three. 



By the use of tree cellars on the Helder- 

 leigh Nurseries, they are able to ship 

 stock two weeks eariier in spring than 

 where no cellars are used. Although 

 such buildings on nurseries are called 

 "cellars," thej^ in reality, are not 

 cellars but stone buildings without floors. 

 In the fall the trees are dug and placed 

 in immense cellars. They are not sim- 

 ply stored there as is done by some 

 nurserymen, who have cellars, but they 

 are heeled in. The roots are buried 

 deeply in the ground, the trees standing 

 upright. There is no piling up like 

 cord wood with roots exposed in winter. 

 The roots of trees in Mr. Smith's cellars, 

 being in contact with mother earth all 

 winter, are protected and they come 

 out in the spring as fresh as when dug 

 in fall. These cellars are well construct- 

 ed A system of waterworks has been 

 installed by which the soil is saturated 

 when the stock first is heeled in. Water 

 is used again in spring if needed. There 

 is a great advantage in securing trees 

 sound and unfrosted two weeks earher 

 than can be done from places where the 

 trees have to be dug in spring. All the 

 packing is done under cover and behind 

 closed doors, where no warm winds can 

 reach the stock and injure it. 



All kinds of fruit trees and bushes, as 

 well as ornamentals,, are grown. A 



liy crossing various hardy varieties of 

 apples and crabs on the Siberian crab, 

 Pyius baccata. According to reports 

 issued by the Central Experimental 

 Farm, varieties of this type have been 

 planted in the most exposed situations 

 on the Northwest experimental farms 

 and have shown no indications of tender- 

 ness. Thev are hardv and should be 



and are well grown. Particular atten- 

 tion was paid to having them true to 

 name. During the past summer, all 

 of them were gone over by an expert 

 and tested for "rogues." They are true 

 to variety. By purchasing from this 

 stock growers may expect the best of 

 results. 



VARIETIES RECOMMENDED 



As already mentioned, Mr. Smith is in 

 a position to give expert advice on the 

 proper varieties to plant. Being the 

 proprietor of probably the largest whole- 

 sale fruit business in Canada, he knows 

 from experience the varieties that mean 

 money. Fruit growers in all parts of 

 Canada would do well to consult Mr. 

 Smith in this respect. He is always 

 wiUing to give the benefit of his experi- 

 ence to others. In conversation with 

 the representative of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist, Mr. Smith stated that 

 he is looking for a great demand for 

 Spys, and is preparing for it. He will 

 have for sale a heavy stock. At 

 present, however, growers are asking for 

 Stark, Ben Davis and Baldwin, and on 

 these nurseries they can be supplied 

 with all they require. 



In plums, Mr. Smith recommends 

 Monarch, Reine Claude, Grand Duke 

 and Black Diamond. Among the lead- 

 ing pears that he would suggest for plant- 

 ing are Bartlett, Doyenne, Bussock, 

 Anjou and Bosc, the two latter on 

 Kieffer stock. It is claimed that by 

 growing these two varieties on Kieffer 



Part of a Block of 300,000 Three-year-old Apple Trees 



welcomed by all persons who wish to 

 grow apples and cannot grow the 

 standard varieties. Mr. Smith's stock 

 is particularly fine. 



WELL-GROWN GRAPE VINES 



On these nurseries, there will be 500,- 

 000 grape vines for sale next spring. 

 They comprise all the leading varieties 



stock, a bearing head is secured much 

 sooner than when grown on their own 

 roots. The trees, also, are said to be 

 freer from blight. 



When speaking of peaches, Mr. Smith 

 said: "There was an enormous crop of 

 Elbertas this year, and it brought the 

 growers large sums. An acre of full- 



